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8. Rhizomatous; coarse septate glandular hairs absent from upper side of leaves; capitula 1.5-2 cm diam |
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H. rutidolepis 11. |
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8. Non-rhizomatous; upper side of leaves pubescent with coarse septate glandular hairs; capitula 2-3 cm diam |
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H. scorpioides 12. |
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2. Capitula in terminal dense or open sometimes leafy corymbs or panicle-like aggregations |
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9. Stems and leaves on both sides densely felty-tomentose with woolly hairs |
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H. blandowskianum 7. |
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9. Stems scabrous or with loose woolly-cobwebby hairs; at least the upper side of leaves with sparse vestiture |
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10. Stems and leaves scabrous or pubescent with glandular or non-glandular septate hairs but woolly-cobwebby hairs absent |
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11. Leaves mostly opposite; involucre cylindrical or narrowly campanulate; laminae pink, rarely white |
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H. cassinianum 2. |
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11. Leaves all alternate; involucre broadly campanulate to hemispherical; laminae yellow or white (when sometimes suffused with pink) |
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12. Laminae of outer involucral bracts markedly broader than those of the inner ones; laminae rigid (usually yellow, rarely white) |
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H. bracteatum 8. |
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12. Laminae of outer involucral bracts about equal in breadth to those of the inner ones; laminae thinly papery (usually white, sometimes the outer ones tinged pink) |
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H. adenophorum 5. |
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10. Stem and leaves with vestiture of woolly-cobwebby hairs (sometimes sparse) |
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13. Involucre cylindrical to narrowly campanulate; longer laminae broadly ovate to orbicular, not longer than 5 mm |
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H. semifertile 4. |
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13. Involucre broadly campanulate; longer laminae more or less linear, at least 10 mm long |
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H. leucopsideum 9. |
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1. Intermediate and inner involucral bracts without conspicuous laminae, the tips sometimes opaque and coloured but then erect, or if patent then under 2 mm long; florets equal to or exceeding the involucre |
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14. Capitula solitary, usually on long peduncles |
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15. Involucral bracts ciliate, some bracts with cilia in length at least a third and up to 3 times as wide as the bracts |
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16. Lower leaves with strongly sheathing bases; tufted perennials |
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17. Leaves mostly 3-6 cm (but up to 14 cm) long and rarely more than 1 mm wide, linear, with revolute margins, often only the midrib visible beneath; pappus bristles 4 (rarely 7) |
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Leptorhynchos tenuifolius |
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17. Leaves mostly 1-3 cm long, 1.5-5 mm wide, oblanceolate to narrowly so, with narrowly recurred margins; pappus bristles 8-12 |
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Leptorhynchos squamatus |
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16. Lower leaves sessile at the base but not sheathing; tap-rooted annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs |
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18. Pappus bristles of bisexual florets 4 or fewer |
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19. Capitula sessile, surrounded and exceeded by a cluster of subtending leaves |
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Triptilodiscus pygmaeus |
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19. Capitula on peduncles 1.5-5 cm long, without a cluster of subtending leaves |
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20. Pappus bristles of bisexual florets 4, about equal to the corolla, barbellate in the upper half |
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Leptorhynchos tetrachaetus |
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20. Pappus bristles of bisexual florets solitary or sometimes up to 3, only three-quarters as long as the corolla, stiffly plumose in the upper half |
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Leptorhynchos baileyi |
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18. Pappus bristles of bisexual florets 5 or more |
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21. Annual herb 5-20 cm tall; leaves pubescent with coarse septate hairs, sometimes ending in a long woolly fibre; pappus bristles 15-20 |
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Leptorhynchos waitzia |
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21. Perennial herb with woody lower branches, 20-40 cm tall; leaves with sparse to dense vestiture of woolly-cobwebby hairs; pappus bristles 5-8 |
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H. eremaeum 19. |
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15. Involucral bracts entire or shallowly laciniate, not ciliate |
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22. At least lower leaves opposite; pappus bristles united in groups into distinct claws themselves connate; achenes narrowly obconical with 2 median ribs |
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H. ayersii 1. |
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22. Leaves all alternate; pappus bristles connate but not united in groups into claws; achenes oblong or fusiform, sometimes beaked |
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23. Leaves spathulate to obovate, flat, with dense felty vestiture of woolly hairs on both sides |
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H. podolepideum 19. |
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23. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, with recurved margins, scabrous or with vestiture of woolly hairs denser on the underside |
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24. Florets not exceeding the involucre; capitula 6-10 mm long; involucral bracts with woolly-cobwebby hairs |
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H. ambiguum 17. |
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24. Florets conspicuously exceeding the involucre; capitula 10-20 mm long; involucral bracts lacking woolly-cobwebby hairs |
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25. Achenes tapering gradually into an indistinct beak; florets creamy-white to pale-yellow; perennial |
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Leptorhynchos elongatus |
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25. Achenes with a distinct long slender beak; florets bright-yellow; annual |
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Leptorhynchos scabrus |
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14. Capitula in corymbs, clusters or racemes, sessile or on short peduncles |
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26. At least the lower leaves opposite; achene obconical |
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H. ayersii 1. |
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26. Leaves all alternate; achene oblong or ellipsoid, more or less compressed |
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27. At least the outer involucral bracts ciliate; annual or perennial herbs |
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28. Involucral bracts of flowering capitula and tips of pappus bristles bright- to pale-yellow |
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29. Annual; involucral bracts all almost equal in length (the outer ones marginally shorter); pappus bristle of bisexual florets 1 |
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H. monochaetum 14. |
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29. Perennials; involucral bracts graded in length, the outer ones markedly shorter; pappus bristles of bisexual florets 6-12 |
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30. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, elliptic, oblanceolate or spathulate, rarely less than 3 mm wide |
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H. apiculatum 13. |
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30. Leaves linear, 1-2 mm wide |
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H. semipapposum 16. |
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28. Involucral bracts of flowering capitula and tips of pappus bristles colourless or pale-stramineous |
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31. Bushy perennial herb or undershrub with woody lower branches; branches closely white-felty |
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H. pterochaetum 15. |
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31. Annuals; branches loosely woolly or hirsute |
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32. Capitula sessile, surrounded and exceeded by a cluster of subtending leaves; pappus bristles 0-3 |
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Triptilodiscus pygmaeus |
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32. Capitula shortly pedunculate, without a cluster of subtending leaves; pappus bristles 15-20 |
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Leptorhynchos waitzia |
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27. Involucral bracts not ciliate; shrubs |
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33. Inner involucral bracts with minute patent opaque white laminae; leaf apex not notched or recurved |
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34. Leaves with decurrent bases, 2-4 mm wide; capitula 4-5 mm long, sessile |
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H. dendroideum 22. |
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34. Leaves with broadly sessile but not decurrent bases, 1-1.5 mm wide; capitula 6-8 mm long, on peduncles 5-10 mm long |
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H. paralium 23. |
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33. Inner involucral bracts with erect translucent stramineous or opaque white laminae; leaf apex recurved or notched |
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35. Involucral bracts all with opaque white to creamy-white laminae (or the outermost stramineous), lacking membranous transparent margins; green decurrent ribs below the leaves narrow in relation to the width of the remaining exposed tomentose stem; achenes with antrorse appressed papillae |
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H. bilobum 20. |
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35. Only the inner involucral bracts with opaque white tips, these with usually broad membranous transparent margins; green decurrent ribs below the leaves broad in relation to the width of the remaining exposed tomentose stem; achenes with antrorse non-appressed papillae |
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H. catadromum 21. |