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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Rhodomelaceae – Tribe Pterosiphonieae
Selected citations: Abbott 1999: 440, fig. 131G–I. Adams 1994: 313, pl. 105, lower right. Ardré 1973: 20, pls 1–5, figs 1–15. De Toni 1903: 989. Falkenberg 1901: 277, pl. 2 figs 18–23, pl. 4 figs 20–24. Kylin 1956: 524. Lewis 1984: 67. Lucas 1909: 43. May 1965: 403; 1981: 342. Millar 1990: 456, fig. 69E. Millar & Kraft 1993: 59. Norris & Aken 1985: 62, fig. 29. Shepherd & Womersley 1981: 368. Silva et al. 1996: 554.
Synonym
Amansia? marchantioides Harvey 1855b: 223.
Thallus (Fig. 149A) brown-red, 1–2 cm long and 2–4 mm broad, prostrate with a main branch bearing occasional to frequent similar but shorter and slenderer marginal branches. Attachment by rhizoids from basal parts; epilithic or epiphytic. Structure. Growth from apical cells 6–10 µm in diameter which divide transversely, the subapical cells cutting off 6 or 8 pericentral cells (Fig. 149D), 3 or 4 on each side, without transverse subdivision of these cells; thallus usually 2 (–3) cells thick; apical cells and derivative segments remain laterally attached congenitally (Fig. 149B), with the axial cells branching laterally 2–5 cells apart; mature pericentral cells 90–120 µm long, the lateral (outer) ones 25–45 µm in diameter, the transverse ones 15–20 µm in diameter. Rhizoids unicellular, cut off from pericentral cells, with multicellular haptera. Trichoblasts (Fig. 149C) arising from dormant apical cells on margins of branches, branched, becoming 600–1000 µm long, lower cells 20–30 µm in diameter. Cells uninucleate; rhodoplasts discoid.
Reproduction: Gametophytes not seen in the only southern Australian collection. AD, A52223 from Long Reef, N.S.W. (Harada, 21.x.1978) is a good female plant.
Tetrasporangia (Fig. 149E) borne in laterally fused stichidia, in straight rows, one per segment, 60–90 µm in diameter.
Type from Cape Kidnappers, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand (Colenso); holotype in Herb. Harvey, TCD. (Harvey gave "Cape Kidnapper and Hawke's Bay; however the Cape is at the southern extremity of Hawkes Bay and it appears that this is the only type locality).
Selected specimens: Edithburg, S. Aust., 1–4 m deep in swimming pool (Prud'homme van Reine, 14.x.1988; AD, A59223). Nora Creina, S. Aust., drift (Kraft 5986a, 15.i.1977; MELU and AD, A69070). Aireys Inlet, Vic. (Kraft & Watts, 15.x.1978; MELU, K6615). Point Lonsdale, Vic., on shell, 2–4 m deep (Kraft 9565, 28.v.1993; MELU and AD, A69067). Point Hicks, E Gippsland, Vic., 1.5 m deep (Kraft & Watts, 7.ii.2001; MELU).
Distribution: In southern Australia, known from Edithburg, S. Aust., to Point Hicks E Vic., and from eastern Australia (see Millar & Kraft 1993, p. 59).
New Zealand, N of Banks Pen; western Pacific Ocean; Azores; eastern and western Australia; South Africa; Japan.
References:
ABBOTT, I.A. (1999). Marine Red Algae of the Hawaiian Islands. (Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, Hawai'i.)
ADAMS, N.M. (1994). Seaweeds of New Zealand. (Cant. Univ. Press: Christchurch.)
ARDRÉ, F. (1973). Remarques sur la structure et les affinites des Symphyocladia (Rhodomélacées, Céramiales). Botaniste 56, 19–54.
DE TONI, G.B. (1903). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 3. pp. 775–1521 + 1523–1525. (Padua.)
FALKENBERG, P. (1901). Die Rhodomelaceen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel. Monogr. 26. (Friedländer: Berlin.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1855b). Algae. In Hooker, J.D., The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. II. Flora Novae-Zelandiae. Part II, pp. 211–266, Plates 107–121. (Reeve: London.)
KYLIN, H. (1956). Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. (Gleerups: Lund.)
LEWIS, J.A. (1984). Checklist and bibliography of benthic marine macroalgae recorded from northern Australia. I. Rhodophyta. Dept. Defence, Materials Res. Lab., Melbourne, Vic. Report MRL-R-912.
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S. W. Natl Herb. 3, 349–429.
MAY, V. (1981). Long-term variation in algal intertidal floras. Aust. J. Ecol. 6, 329–343.
MILLAR, A.J.K. & KRAFT, G.T. (1993). Catalogue of marine and freshwater Red Algae (Rhodophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, South-western Pacific. Aust. Syst. Bot. 6, 1–90.
MILLAR, A.J.K. (1990). Marine Red Algae of the Coffs Harbour Region, northern New South Wales. Aust. Syst. Bot. 3, 293–593.
NORRIS, R.E. & AKEN, M.E. (1985). Marine benthic algae new to South Africa. S. Afr. J. Bat. 51, 55–65.
SCHMITZ, F. & FALKENBERG, P. (1897). Rhodomelaceae. In Engler, A. & Prantl, K., Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. T.1. Abt. 2, pp. 421–480. (Englemann: Leipzig.)
SHEPHERD, S.A. & WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1981). The algal and seagrass ecology of Waterloo Bay, South Australia. Aquat. Bot. 11, 305–371.
SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (Univ. California Press: Berkeley.)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustration in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIG. 149 A–E.
Figure 149 enlarge
Fig. 149. A–E. Symphyocladia marchantioides (A–C, AD, A59223; D, MELU, K6615, slide; E, AD, A69070). A. Habit. B. Flat branch apex with congenitally fused polysiphonous filaments, showing vein system. C. Margin of branch with trichoblasts. D. Transverse section of branch showing 8 pericentral cells. E. Branch with tetrasporangia. F–H. Heterostroma nereidiis (AD, A34969). F. Habit. G. Branch apex with alternate spinous determinate laterals. H. Stichidia on blade margin.
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