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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet

Polysiphonia decipiens Montagne 1842b: 5; 1845: 131.

Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Rhodomelaceae – Tribe Polysiphonieae

Selected citations: Adams 1994: 320, pl. 110 upper left. J. Agardh 1863: 1046; 1878: 29. Connolly 1911: 125, figs 1, 2, pl. 1. De Toni 1903: 927; 1924: 399. Harvey 1847: 50; 1855b: 230. Harvey & Hooker 1845: 184. Huisman 1997: 207. Huisman et al. 1990: 97. Huisman & Walker 1990: 439. Kendrick et al. 1988: 204; 1990: 52. Kützing 1849: 815; 1863: 21, pl. 65c-e. Millar & Kraft 1993: 57. Shepherd 1983: 83. Shepherd & Womersley 1981: 367. Womersley 1979: 499, fig. 12.

Synonyms

Polysiphonia frutex Harvey 1844b: 439; 1846: 426; 1847: 52; 1859b: 301; 1863, synop.: xxi. J. Agardh 1863: 1047. Cribb 1954a: 18, 35. De Toni 1903: 925; 1924: 399. De Toni & Forti 1923: 39. Guiler 1952: 103. Hooker & Harvey 1847: 399. Millar & Kraft 1993: 57. Kützing 1849: 815; 1863: 21, pl. 66d, e. Lucas 1909: 41; 1929a: 22. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 273. Segi 1966: 508, pl. 13F. Silva et al. 1996: 539. Sonder 1880: 35. Tate 1882a 23. Tisdall 1898: 514. Wilson 1892: 167. Womersley 1948: 151; 1950: 185.

Polysiphonia fuscescens Harvey 1844b 439; 1847: 52; 1849b 54; 1859b: 301; 1863, synop.: xxi. J. Agardh 1863: 1050. Cribb 1954: 15, 32, 35, 38. De Toni 1903: 925. Guiler 1952: 103. Hooker & Harvey 1847: 399. Kützing 1849: 816; 1863: 21, pl. 67a-d. Lucas 1909: 41; 1929a: 22. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 273. Sonder 1853: 702; 1880: 35. Tisdall 1898: 514. Womersley 1950: 185; 1956: 81, 82.

Polysiphonia cancellata Harvey 1844b 440; 1847: 51, pl. 15; 1849b 55; 1855a: 541; 1855b: 230; 1859b: 300; 1863, synop.: xxi. J. Agardh 1863: 1049; 1879: pl. 33 figs 7, 8. Ardissone 1888: 215. Black 1971: 131. Cribb 1954a 17, 36. De Toni 1903: 928; 1924: 399. De Toni & Forti 1923: 39. Ducker et al. 1977: 87. Guiler 1952: 103. Hooker & Harvey 1847: 399. Kützing 1849: 815; 1863: 21, pl. 66a-c. Levring 1946: 226. Lucas 1909: 41; 1929a: 22; 1929b: 51. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 273. Pujals 1963: 117. Reinbold 1897: 57; 1899: 50. Sonder 1853: 701; 1880: 35. Tate 1882a 23. Tisdall 1898: 514. Wilson 1892: 167. Womersley 1950: 184; 1956: 83; 1966: 153.

Polysiphonia rytiphlaeoides Hooker & Harvey 1845: 537. Raoul 1846: 6.

Polysiphonia nigrita Sonder 1845: 53; 1848: 181; 1853: 702; 1880: 35. J. Agardh 1863: 1048. De Toni 1903: 928. Guiler 1952: 103. Harvey 1847: 51; 1855a: 541; 1863, synop.: xxi. Kützing 1849: 816; 1863: 21, pl. 67e-h. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 274. Saenger 1974: 81. Shepherd 1974: 27. Shepherd & Womersley 1970: 135; 1971: 166; 1976: 190. Tate 1882a 23. Tisdall 1898: 514. Womersley 1948: 156, 160; 1950: 185.

Polysiphonia caespitula Sonder 1855: 524; 1880: 35. De Toni 1903: 960. Garnet 1971: 97. Guiler 1952: 103. Harvey 1863, synop.: xxii. Kützing 1864: 15, pl. 43d-g. Lucas 1909: 41; 1913: 58. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 274. Tisdall 1898: 514.

Thallus (Fig. 88A–C) dark brown-red, drying very dark brown to almost black, 1–15 (–25) cm high, irregularly and densely branched (especially in rough-water forms) on all sides with one to a few or several clumped axes, bearing frequent, often short, patent, laterals, often fastigiate above when fertile; hooked branch ends occasionally present. Attachment by rhizoids from prostrate parts; epilithic or epiphytic on larger brown algae, seagrasses (Posidonia, Amphibobs and Heterozostera) and occasionally on red algae. Structure. Basal axis erect or with a very short prostrate part, with rhizoids cut off from the lower pericentral cells. Lower main axes 300–1000 (–1500) µm in diameter with segments L/D 0.2–0.3, decreasing to 250–750 (–1000) µm in diameter with segments 0.2–1 (–2) in mid parts and to (100–) 200–300 µm in diameter with segments L/D 0.2–0.5 in branchlets; lateral branchlets often markedly narrower and with shorter segments (Fig. 88E) than the parent branch, especially in robust forms; branchlets tapering fairly abruptly to pointed apices (Fig. 88F), often with profuse trichoblasts but commonly denuded in rough-water or older plants; lateral branches arising from basal cell of trichoblasts, with cicatrigenous branches below. Pericentral cells 7, rarely 8, ecorticate, subisodiametric and forming irregular segments in branchlets and often throughout most of the thallus in rough-water forms, becoming elongate (L/D 1.5–3) and forming regular segments in main branches of deeper- or calmer-water forms; trichoblasts formed on every segment with a divergence of about 1/4, up to 2 mm long, 2–4 (–6) times furcate, varying from moderately slender (basal cell 25–40 µm in diameter) to robust (basal cell 40–60 µm in diameter); scar cells prominent. Rhodoplasts discoid, scattered or in chains.

Reproduction: Gametophytes dioecious. Carposporophytes with a small basal fusion cell and short, gonimoblast with clavate terminal carposporangia 35–55 µm in diameter. Cystocarps (Fig. 88D) subsessile, globular to slightly ovoid (basally broadest), not or only slightly urceolate with small ostiolar cells, 350–700 µm in diameter; pericarp ostiolate, 2 cells thick, outer cells angular, isodiametric. Spermatangial branches (Fig. 88E) developing as one branch of a trichoblast, elongate ovoid to cylindrical, often basally broadest, 150–300 µm long and 50–100 µm in diameter, without sterile apical cells when mature.

Tetrasporangia (Fig. 88F) forming closely spiral series in upper, often elongate, branchlets, often extending below 2–3 branchings, formed from pericentral cells in successive segments and occupying 0.3–0.7 of the branchlet diameter when mature, 60–80 µm in diameter.

Type from the Auckland Is (d'Urville), on fuci; holotype in Herb. Montagne, PC; isotypes in TCD.

Selected specimens: 7 Mile Beach, N of Dongara, W. Aust., drift (Womersley, 17.ix.1979; AD, A51355). Safety Bay, W. Aust., drift (Womersley, 18.viii.1979; AD, A50775). Head of Great Australian Bight, S. Aust., epiphytic, drift (Woelkerling, 4.xi.1968; AD, A34197). Coffin Bay, S. Aust., epiphytic, 2.5 m deep (Womersley, 4.xii.1975; AD, A46926). Crag Point, N Spencer Gulf, S. Aust., 3 m deep (Shepherd, 7.xi.1974; AD, A46032). Billy Lights Point, Port Lincoln, S. Aust., on rock, low eulittoral (Taylor, 3.xii.1975; AD, A46783). Tiparra Reef, Spencer Gulf, S. Aust., 5 m deep on Amphibolis (Shepherd, 30.ix.1970; AD, A37285). N of Aldinga reef, S. Aust., on Posidonia, 6 m deep (Johnson, 13.ii.1973; AD, A43918). Victor Harbor, S. Aust., on Scytothalia, drift (Womersley, 17.x.1948; AD, A9268). Pennington Bay, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., on Cystophora spp., sublittoral fringe (Womersley, 21.xi.1968; AD, A32912-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 126) and on inner reef (Womersley, 21.xi.1968; AD, A32915-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 125c). Muston, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., on Sargassum, 2–3 m deep (Womersley, 21.xi.1968; AD, A32931-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 125). Stanley Beach, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., inner reef pools (Womersley, 21.xi.1968; AD, A32914-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 125b). Stinky Bay Point, Nora Creina, S. Aust., 1–3 m deep (Kildea, 26.x.1996; AD, A66741). Point Lonsdale, Vic., drift (Sinkora, A1164, 8.xi.1970; MEL, 504865, AD, A49446). Crawfish Rock, Westernport Bay, Vic., 1 m deep (Watson, 25.xi.1971; AD, A42193). N end Waratah Bay, Vic., on Cystophora retorta, upper sublittoral (Sinkora, A2417, 3.iii.1978; AD, A53605). Georgetown, Tas., upper sublittoral (Womersley, 29.i.1949; AD, A10249). Bicheno, Tas., on Phyllospora, upper sublittoral (Skinner, 22.ii.1978; AD, A49204). Stapleton Point, Prosser Bay, Tas., 8–12 m deep (Olsen, 21.vi.1966; AD, A30544). Great Taylor Bay, Bruny I., Tas., 2–7 m deep (Shepherd, 7.ii.1970; AD, A35555).


Distribution map based
on current data relating to
specimens held in the
State Herbarium of SA

Distribution: Shark Bay and Geraldton, W. Aust., around southern Australia and Tasmania to Wilson Prom., Vic., and to Newcastle, N.S.W. (Harvey, Alg. Aust. Exsicc. 175M). South I., Stewart I. and Auckland Is, New Zealand, and Tierra del Fuego.

Taxonomic notes: P. decipiens is the commonest species of Polysiphonia on southern Australian coasts, usually epiphytic on Amphibolis and Posidonia or on larger algae. It occurs under varying conditions of wave action, from very calm to strong surf, generally in shallow water.

Plants from southern Australia and New Zealand with 7 (rarely 8, with some records of 8 probably due to inclusion of a scar cell) pericentral cells, ecorticate with mostly patent branches, short to very short segments, generally robust trichoblasts formed on every segment with a divergence of about 1/4, branches arising from the basal cell of trichoblasts and also cicatrigenously, and tetrasporangia in closely spiral series with a divergence of about 1/4, are all placed under the one species, P. decipiens Montagne. While agreeing well in these features and also in reproductive aspects, the species is variable in size, robustness and the diameter of the axes and main branches, and in length of the segments and surface shape of pericentral cells. Several of these last features correlate well with ecological conditions where the forms grow, and it appears that the names placed in synonymy above represent only ecological forms or may show some genetic variation but at a subspecific level. While the extremes (e.g. robust 'P. cancellata' and slender P. fuscescens ') may appear specifically distinct, a virtually complete range of intergrades between them occurs.

The earliest name for this complex is P. decipiens Montagne, which is apparently only known from the original locality (Auckland Is) by the type specimen. Womersley (1979, p. 501) expressed doubt over the type locality, suggesting the specimen may have come from Tasmania.

P. decipiens appears to be widely distributed and often common along southern Australia, in New Zealand (South I., Stewart I., and Auckland Is) and possibly in southernmost South America (Ardissone 1888, p. 215, repeated by Pujals 1963, p. 117). P. cancellata was recorded from Japan by Yendo (1916a, p. 61), but the clearly distinct Japanese species has been described as P. notoensis by Segi (see Yoshida 1999, p. 1069).

References:

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The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.

Publication: Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.


Illustration in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIG. 88.

Figure 88 image

Figure 88   enlarge

Fig. 88. Polysiphonia decipiens (A, E, AD, A37285; B, AD, A32914; C, AD, A46783; D, AD, A49204; F, AD, A32931). A. Habit of a subtidal epiphytic plant. B. Habit of rough-water reef plant. C. Habit of shallow and calmer water plant. D. Branches with young and mature cystocarps. E. Spermatangial branches. F. Tetrasporangial branches. (All as in Womersley 1979, courtesy of Aust. J. Bot.)


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