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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Sarcomeniaceae
Selected citations: Huisman 1997: 202. Lawson et al. 1995: 104. Millar & Kraft 1993: 48. Silva et al. 1996: 464. Wynne 1998: 41.
Synonyms
Conferva delicata Clemente y Rubio 1807: 322
Hutchinsia miniata C. Agardh 1828: 94.
Polysiphonia miniata (C. Agardh) Kützing 1849: 820.
Sarcomenia miniata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh 1863: 1260; 1896: 133. Børgesen 1931a: 20, fig. 13. De Toni 1900: 735; 1924: 359. Lucas 1909: 37. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 233. Weber-van Bosse 1896: 281, p1. 359.
Platysiphonia miniata (C. Agardh) Børgesen 1931b: 1, figs 1–5. Cribb 1956a: 187. Huisman et al. 1990: 96. Kendrick et al. 1988: 204; 1990: table 1. Krishnamurthy & Varadarajan 1990: 109, figs 25–41. Kylin 1956: 436. May 1965: 377; 1981: 342; 1982: 101. May et al. 1978: 97. Silva & Cleary 1954: 251. Womersley & Shepley 1959: 194, 208, figs 83–99. Wynne 1996: 181.
Thallus (Fig. 73A) medium to dark red-brown 0.5–1.5 (–3) cm high, erect or forming a turf-like mat in the uppermost sublittoral, with basal prostrate branches producing erect, moderately to much divided, branches. Attachment by rhizoidal holdfasts or by stout unicellular rhizoids with multicellular haptera, arising from the flanking cells of prostrate filaments; epilithic or epiphytic on Posidonia or various algae. Structure. Apical cell (Fig. 71L) hemispherical, forming first the abaxial pericentral cell, followed by 2 lateral pericentral cells (each forming 2 flanking cells) and last the adaxial pericentral cell. Mid branches 80–100 µm broad, segments L/D 0.8–1. Lower thallus ecorticate or very lightly corticate, 150–200 µm broad. Cells uninucleate; rhodoplasts discoid.
Reproduction: Gametophytes dioecious. Procarps (Fig. 71M) occur on the adaxial surface of young lateral branches which develop further rapidly, with the adaxial pericentral cell producing at first a sterile cell and a 4-celled carpogonial branch followed by a second cell. Carposporophyte moderately branched, with a relatively slight basal fusion cell and clavate terminal carposporangia 20–25 µm in diameter. Cystocarps (Fig. 73B) sessile, ovoid to urceolate, 300–500 µm across; pericarp ostiolate, arising after fertilisation, with about 15 erect filaments, each cell cutting off 2 outer transversely elongate pericentral cells only, thus 2 cells thick. Spermatangial blades (Fig. 73C) developed from small lateral branches, with initials and spermatangia cut off from lateral (and sometimes transverse) pericentral cells, but usually with sterile transverse pericentral cells and flanking cells, 0.5–1 mm long and 120–200 µm broad.
Tetrasporangial stichidia (Fig. 73D) developed as lateral branches, ecorticate with 2 longitudinal rows of tetrasporangia cut off from the lateral pericentral cells, followed by the abaxial cover cell and lastly the adaxial cover cell, with the flanking cells dividing horizontally into 2 cells which become curved and partly protect the tetrasporangia which are subspherical and 40–65 µm in diameter.
Type from Salncar de Barrameda (Cadiz), Spain; lectotype in MA, Algae 1873.
Selected specimens: Rottnest I., W. Aust., on Posidonia australis (Harvey "Poly. B"; TCD and AD, A18316). Redcliff Point, N Spencer Gulf, S. Aust., on P. australis, 10 m deep (Johnson, 26.v.1976; AD, A50484). Christies Beach, S. Aust., upper sublittoral pools on reef (Womersley, 14.x.1968; AD, A32862-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 120b). Vivonne Bay, Kangaroo 1., S. Aust., low eulittoral pools in bay (Womersley, 4.i.1950; AD, A12914). American R. inlet, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., 2–4 m deep near Muston (Kraft, 2.xii.1971; AD, A41132). Robe, S. Aust., low eulittoral (Womersley, 25.x.1996; AD, A67123). Point Lonsdale, Vic., on Codium galeatum, drift (Womersley, 21.xi.1990; AD, A60802). Walkerville, Vic., lower eulittoral (Sinkora A1517, 22.ii.1972; AD, A42329). Crawfish Rock, Westernport Bay, Vic., on Caulocystis cephalornithos at low tide (Watson, 28.v.1974; AD, A45341). Rocky Cape, NW Tas., lower eulittoral pool (Womersley, 17.x.1982; AD, A55546). Bridport, Tas., upper sublittoral sandy pools (Wollaston & Mitchell, 4.iii.1964; AD, A27990-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 120a).
Distribution: Spain; tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean; tropical Indian Ocean; Queensland.
In southern Australia, from Rottnest I. (and Houtman Abrolhos), W. Aust., to Walkerville, Vic., and N Tasmania, extending through NSW and Queensland.
References:
AGARDH, C.A. (1828). Species Algarum. Vol. 2. (Mauritius: Greifswald.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1863). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 3, pp. 787–1291. (Gleerup: Lund.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1896). Analecta Algologica. Cont. III. Acta Univ. lund. 32, 1–140, Plate 1.
BØRGESEN, F. (1931a). Some Indian Rhodophyceae especially from the shores of the Presidency of Bombay. Bull. Misc. Inf., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew No. 1, 1–24, Plates I, II.
BØRGESEN, F. (1931b). Sur Platysiphonia nov. gen. et sur les organes mâles et femelles du Platysiphonia miniata (Ag.) nov. comb. (Sarcomenia miniata (Ag.) J.Ag.) Recueil Tray. Crypt. ded. Louis Mangin, pp. 21–29.
CLEMENTE y RUBIO, S. de R. (1807). Ensayo sobre las variedades de la vid comun que vegetan en Andalucia. (Madrid.)
CREMADES, J. & PÉREZ-CIRERA, J.L. (1990). Nuevas combinaciones de algas bentónicas marinas, como resultado del estudio del herbario de Simón de Rojas Clemente y Rubio (1777–1827). Anales Jardin Bot. Madrid 47, 489–492.
CRIBB, A.B. (1956a). Notes on marine algae from Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tas. 90, 183–188, Plates 1–3.
DE TONI, G.B. (1900). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 2. pp. 387–776. (Padua.)
DE TONI, G.B. (1924). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 6. Florideae. (Padua.)
HUISMAN, J.M. (1997). Marine Benthic Algae of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In Wells, F.E. (Ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, pp. 177–237. (W. Aust. Museum: Perth.)
HUISMAN, J.M., KENDRICK, G.A., WALKER, D.I. & COUTÉ, A. (1990). The Marine Algae of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Research in Shark Bay. Report of the France-Australe Bicentenary Expedition Committee, pp. 89–100.
KÜTZING, F.T. (1849). Species Algarum. (Leipzig.)
KENDRICK, G.A., WALKER, D.I. & McCOMB, A.J. (1988). Changes in the distribution of macro-algal epiphytes on stems of the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica along a salinity gradient in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Phycologia 27, 201–208.
KENDRICK, G.A., HUISMAN, J.M. & WALKER, D.I. (1990). Benthic macroalgae of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Bot. Mar. 33, 47–54.
KRISHNAMURTHY, V. & VARADARAJAN, K. (1990). Studies on some Indian Delesseriaceae. Seaweed Res. & Util. 12, 101–114.
KYLIN, H. (1956). Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. (Gleerups: Lund.)
LAWSON, G.W., WOELKERLING, W.J., PRICE, J.H., PRUD'HOMME VAN REINE, W.F. & JOHN, D.M. (1995). Seaweeds of the western coast of tropical Africa and adjacent islands: a critical assessment. IV. Rhodophyta (Florideae) 5. Genera P. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Bot.) 25, 99–122.
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S. W. Natl Herb. 3, 349–429.
MAY, V. (1981). Long-term variation in algal intertidal floras. Aust. J. Ecol. 6, 329–343.
MAY, V. (1982). The use of epiphytic algae to indicate environmental changes. Aust. J. Ecol. 7, 101–102.
MAY, V., COLLINS, A.J. & COLLETT, L.C. (1978). A comparative study of epiphytic algal communities on two common genera of seagrasses in eastern Australia. Aust. J. Ecol.3, 91–104.
MILLAR, A.J.K. & KRAFT, G.T. (1993). Catalogue of marine and freshwater Red Algae (Rhodophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, South-western Pacific. Aust. Syst. Bot. 6, 1–90.
SILVA, P.C. & CLEARY, A.P. (1954). The structure and reporduction of the red alga, Platysiphonia. Amer. J. Bot. 41(3), 251–260.
SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (Univ. California Press: Berkeley.)
WEBER-VAN BOSSE, A. (1896). Notes on Sarcomenia miniata Ag. J. Bot. 34, 281–285, Plate 359.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. & SHEPLEY, E.A. (1959). Studies on the Sarcomenia group of the Rhodophyta. Aust. J. Bot. 7, 168–223.
WYNNE, M.J. (1996). A revised key to genera of the red algal family Delesseriaceae. Nova Hedwigia 112, 171–190.
WYNNE, M.J. (1998). A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: first revision. Nova Hedwigia Beih. 116, 1–155.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustrations in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIGS 71L, M, 73.
Figure 71 enlarge
Fig. 71. A–D. Malaconema roeanum (A, B, D, AD, A19787; C, AD, A1459). A. Side view of compressed branch apex. B. Face view of a branch apex. C. Face view of a stichidium. D. Transverse section of a compressed branch, with slight cortication. E–H. Sarcotrichia tenera (AD, A16097). E. Branch apex with developing lateral and transverse monosiphonous filaments. F. Procarp with division of supporting cell to an auxiliary cell. C. A spermatangial blade. H. Apex of a stichidium, adaxial view. I–K. Sarcotrichia dolichocystidea (AD, A19788). 1. Branch apex, with monosiphonous filaments only from the flanking cells. J. Branch with a mature procarp. K. A stichidium. L, M. Platysiphonia delicata (AD, Al2914). L. Branch apex showing segmentation. M. Branch with a mature procarp. (All as in Womersley & Shepley 1959, courtesy of Aust. J. Bot.).
Figure 73 enlarge
Fig. 73. Platysiphonia delicata (A, AD, A67123; B, AD, A50484; C, AD, A55546; D, AD, A27990). A. Habit. B. Cystocarps. C. Spermatangial branches. D. Stichidia.
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