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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Delesseriaceae
Selected citations: J. Agardh 1876: 499; 1898: 228–236. Beanland & Woelkerling 1982: 98. Davey & Woelkerling 1980: 59. De Toni 1900: 729; 1924: 357. Guiler 1952: 101. Kamiya et al. 1995: 81, figs 1–26. Kendrick et al. 1990: 51. King & Puttock 1994: 112. King et al. 1971: 123. Kylin 1956: 431, figs 312A–E, 344A, B. Lucas 1909: 37; 1929a: 20. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 233. May 1965: 395. May et al. 1978: 97. Millar & Kraft 1993: 45. Papenfuss 1961: 8, figs 1–30. Silva at al. 1996: 450. Sonder 1880: 24. Tisdall 1898: 509. Wynne 1996: 178. Wynne & Kraft 1985: 16, figs 20–23.
Synonyms
Delesseria leprieurii Montagne 1840a: 196, p1. 5 fig. 1. J. Agardh 1852: 682. Harvey 1859b: 311; 1863, synop.: xxxi. Sonder 1855: 522.
Caloglossa beccarii Zanardini sensu De Toni & Forti 1923: 34.
Thallus (Fig. 4A) red-brown, forming loose entangled mats 5–20 mm thick, composed of arching, flat, linear, monopodial main branches attached at the constricted nodes by uniseriate rhizoids which become clumped and form basal stipes up to 4 mm high and 400–800 µm in diameter, base of stipe discoid, bearing apically clusters of branched fronds 10–20 mm long, branches (0.5–) 1–2 (–3) mm broad, linear with internodes usually 2–8 mm long separated by nodal constrictions; epiphytic on mangroves or epilithic, usually lower to mid eulittoral. Structure. Growth apical, with a dome-shaped apical cell (Figs 4C, 6C) and the axial cells cutting off first 2 lateral pericentral cells (Fig. 6D), then ventral and dorsal pericentral cells, the lateral pericentral cells each developing a second-order cell row which produces abaxially third-order rows 10–20 cells long (Fig. 4B, C) and which reach the blade margin (Figs 4C, 6C) and sometimes cut off fourth-order cells; secondary pit-connections numerous. Blades monostromatic apart from the central midrib, ecorticate, margins entire, more or less flat. Branching of main blades exogenous near apices with adventitious proliferations arising mainly from nodal pericentral cells. Cells mostly multinucleate; rhodoplasts discoid to elongate.
Reproduction: Gametophytes dioecious. Procarps borne in series on dorsal pericentral (supporting) cells, with usually a single cystocarp developing per branch. Fusion cell branched and incorporating lower gonimoblast cells, carposporophyte (Fig. 4D) much branched with short chains of ovoid to angular carposporangia 20–28 µm across. Cystocarps (Fig. 4D) ovoid, ostiolate, 500–750 µm in diameter; pericarp with 8–10 erect filaments, each cell cutting off outer pericentral cells and cortical cells near the base, with the outer pericarp cells becoming irregular in shape and position. Spermatangial sori (Fig. 4E) on both sides of blades apart from over and near the mid-rib and along the margins, with the primary cells cutting off several initials which each produce several spermatangia (Fig. 4F).
Tetrasporangia formed in sori (Figs 4G, 5A) near branch tips, cut off from second- and third-order cells and lying in regular rows (Fig. 5B), with the stalk cell then cutting off a cover cell on each surface, cover cells (Fig. 5C) becoming irregularly lobed; tetrasporangia subspherical, 30–45 p m in diameter.
Type from Cayenne, French Guiana, S. America (Leprieur, 20.xi.1841); holotype in PC.
Selected specimens: Opposite Bird I., SW of Wallaroo, S. Aust., on Avicennia mangroves mid eulittoral (Womersley, 23.xi.1991; AD, A61508). Garden I., Port Adelaide, S. Aust., on Avicennia mangroves, mid eulittoral (van den Hoek, 1.x.1981; AD, A52646). Goolwa, S. Aust., mid eulittoral on rocks outside barrage (Womersley, 10.iv.1982; AD, A53007). American R. inlet, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., mid eulittoral on rocks S of Muston (Womersley, 23.viii.1963; AD, A27005). Nelson Lagoon, Vic., lower eulittoral on rock (Beauglehole, 10.v.1959; AD, A23961). Westernport Bay, Vic., on Avicennia, mid eulittoral (Womersley, 10.iv.1959; AD, A22593). Low Head, Tas., on jetty piles, mid eulittoral (Womersley, 28.i.1949; AD, A10308). Dover, Tas., on jetty piles (Wollaston, 20.viii.1965; AD, A29539). Stewarts Bay, Port Arthur, Tas., upper eulittoral, shaded (Womersley, 31.x.1982; AD, A55782). Triabunna, Tas. (Cribb 42.3, 18.iii.1950; AD, A16070).
Distribution: Widespread in tropical to cool temperate oceans.
In southern Australia, from Wallaroo eastwards, on Avicennia trunks and pneumatophores, and on rock and jetty piles, in calm localities through Victoria, N and E Tasmania, and around N Australia (King & Puttock 1994); extending upstream in fresh-water in some localities.
References:
AGARDH, J.G. (1852). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 2, pp. 337–720. (Gleerup: Lund.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1876). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 1 - Epicrisis systematis Floridearum, pp. i-vii, 1–724. (Weigel: Leipzig.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1898). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 3 - De dispositione Delesseriearum. (Gleerup: Lund.)
BEANLAND, W.R. & WOELKERLING, W.J. (1982). Studies on Australian mangrove algae: IT. Composition and geographical distribution of communities in Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 94, 89–106.
DAVEY, A. & WOELKERLING, W.J. (1980). Studies on Australian mangrove algae. I. Victorian communities: Composition and geographic distribution. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 91, 53–66.
DE TONI, G.B. & FORTI, A. (1923). Alghe di Australia, Tasmania e Nouva Zelanda. Mem. R. Inst. Veneto Sci., Lett. Arti 29, 1–183, Plates 1–10.
DE TONI, G.B. (1900). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 2. pp. 387–776. (Padua.)
DE TONI, G.B. (1924). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 6. Florideae. (Padua.)
GUILER, E.R. (1952). The marine algae of Tasmania. Checklist with localities. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasmania 86, 71–106.
HARVEY, W.H. (1859b). Algae. In Hooker, J.D., The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. III. Flora Tasmaniae. Vol. II, pp. 282–343, Plates 185–196. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1863). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 5, Plates 241–300, synop., pp. i-lxxiii. (Reeve: London.)
KAMIYA, M., TANAKA, J. & HARA, Y. (1995). A morphological study and hybridization analysis of Caloglossa leprieurii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, Singapore and Australia. Phycol. Res. 43, 81–91.
KENDRICK, G.A., HUISMAN, J.M. & WALKER, D.I. (1990). Benthic macroalgae of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Bot. Mar. 33, 47–54.
KING, R.J. & PUTTOCK, C.F. (1994). Morphology and taxonomy of Caloglossa (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta). Aust. Syst. Bot. 7, 89–124.
KING, R.J., BLACK, J.H. & DUCKER, S. (1971). Port Phillip Bay Survey 2.8. Intertidal ecology of Port Phillip Bay with systematic lists of plants and animals. Mem. Natn. Mus., Vict. 32, 93–128.
KYLIN, H. (1956). Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. (Gleerups: Lund.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929a). The marine algae of Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1928, 6–27.
MARTENS, G. von (1869). Beiträge zur Algen-Flora Indiens. Flora 52, 233–238.
MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S. W. Natl Herb. 3, 349–429.
MAY, V., COLLINS, A.J. & COLLETT, L.C. (1978). A comparative study of epiphytic algal communities on two common genera of seagrasses in eastern Australia. Aust. J. Ecol.3, 91–104.
MILLAR, A.J.K. & KRAFT, G.T. (1993). Catalogue of marine and freshwater Red Algae (Rhodophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, South-western Pacific. Aust. Syst. Bot. 6, 1–90.
MONTAGNE, C. (1840a). Seconde centurie de planter cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, decades I et II. Annls Sci. Nat. (Bot.) Sér. 2, 13, 193–207, Plates 5, 6.
PAPENFUSS, G.F. (1961). The structure and reproduction of Caloglossa leprieurii. Phycologia 1: 8–31.
SONDER, O.W. (1855). Algae annis 1852 et 1853 collectae. Linnaea 26, 506–528.
SONDER, O.W. (1880). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
TISDALL, H.T. (1898). The algae of Victoria. Rep. 7th Meet. Aust. Ass. Adv. Sci., Sydney, 1898, pp. 493–516.
WYNNE, M.J. & KRAFT, G.T. (1985). Hypoglossum caloglossoides sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Lord Howe Island, South Pacific. Br. Phycol. J. 20, 9–19.
WYNNE, M.J. (1996). A revised key to genera of the red algal family Delesseriaceae. Nova Hedwigia 112, 171–190.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustrations in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIGS 4, 5 A–C, 6C, D.
Figure 4 enlarge
Fig. 4. Caloglossa leprieurii (A, AD, A53007; B–F, AD, A22593; G, AD, A23961). A. Habit. B. Apex of frond showing second- and third-order cell rows. C. Details of B, enlarged. D. Cystocarp with carposporophyte and short chains of young carposporangia. E. Spermatangial sori at blade apex. F. Outer cell rows with spermatangia. G. Upper frond branches producing tetrasporangia.
Figure 5 enlarge
Fig. 5. A–C. Caloglossa leprieurii (AD, A61508). A. Tetrasporangial sorus. B. Tetrasporangia cut off from second-order rows and some from transverse pericentral cells. C. Cover cells lying outside the tetrasporangia. D–F. Caloglossa ogasawaraensis (D, F, AD, A52909; E, AD, A52982). D. Thallus with prostrate axis bearing nodal rhizoids and erect branches. E. Branch with lateral pericentral and flanking cells and an adventitious lateral branch. F. An older branch 9 cells broad.
Figure 6 enlarge
Fig. 6. A, B. Claudea elegans (AD, A29501). A. Apex of branch with procarps on each segment. B. Two procarps. C, D. Caloglossa leprieurii (AD, A16070). C. Apex showing exogenous branching, lateral pericentral cells and later-formed transverse pericentral cells. D. Apex of a blade with second- and third-order cell rows. (A–D by Ann Shepley.) E. Apoglossum spathulatum (AD, A63805). Procarp.
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