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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Order Ceramiales – Family Ceramiaceae – Tribe Callithamnieae
Synonym
Callithamnion laricinum Harvey 1855a: 562; 1859b: 335; 1862: pl. 218; 1863, synop.: hi. J. Agardh 1876: 42. De Toni 1903: 1330. Huisman & Walker 1990: 419. Lucas 1909: 49; 1929a: 24; 1929b: 52. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 332, fig. 161. Reinbold 1899: 50. Silva et al. 1996: 384. Sonder 1881: 10.
Thallus (Fig. 119A) erect, medium red-brown, 2–10 cm high, with a main axis bearing radially branched indeterminate laterals giving a narrowly to broadly pyramidal or spreading form, with terminal and lateral branchlets; cortication commencing from close to the apices. Holdfast 0.5–1 mm across, rhizoidal; usually epiphytic on Posidonia. Structure. Ecorticate determinate branchlets (Fig. 119F) 200–300 µm long, on corticate or potentially corticate laterals, subdichotomous to laterally branched with basal cells 40–75 (–90) µm in diameter and L/D 1.5–2, tapering over 6–12 cells to small terminal cells 6–12 µm in diameter and L/D 1.5–2, ends rounded and occasionally bearing hairs. Axial cells of corticated branches increasing to 200–600 µm in diameter and L/D (1–) 1.5–2 (shorter near the base), becoming densely corticated (Fig. 119B) by narrow, descending rhizoidal filaments arising from the basal cells of lateral branchlets, and bearing few to numerous outer anticlinal filaments 4–6 cells and 50–140 µm long and 12–22 µm in diameter, simple or becoming branched near their ends. Cells uninucleate; rhodoplasts discoid to ribbon like.
Reproduction: Gametophytes dioecious. Procarps borne on mid cells of ecorticate branchlets. Carpogonial branches borne on one of the two more or less opposite periaxial cells (Fig. 119C), with the carpogonium post-fertilization dividing longitudinally and each cell uniting with the auxiliary cell cut off from each supporting cell, then dividing to form the gonimolobes (Fig. 119D) which have a sterile basal cell bearing an upper group of carposporangia; the two carposporophytes are rounded to pyramidal in shape or often furcate, tapering from a broader base, and may not develop simultaneously; carposporangia irregularly ovoid, 20–30 (–45) µm across; involucre absent. Spermatangial clusters (Fig. 119E), 30–55 µm across, formed on cells of ecorticate branchlets, with a stalk cell cutting off several initials which may branch again, with ultimate spermatangia.
Tetrasporangia (Fig. 119F) sessile, subspherical, borne singly on mid to upper cells of ecorticate branchlets, 45–65 µm in diameter, tetrahedrally divided.
Type from Rottnest I., W. Aust., on Posidonia ("Zostera" of Harvey); lectotype in Herb. Harvey, TCD (Tray. Set 200).
Selected specimens: Yanchep, W. Aust., drift (Womersley, 22.ix.1979; AD, A51267). Albany, W. Aust., on Posidonia, drift (Kraft, 11.xii.1971; AD, A41582). Point Valliant, Two People Bay, W. Aust., sublittoral fringe, epiphytic on a brown alga (Womersley, 30.viii.1979; AD, A50596). "Hotspot", NW Flinders I., Investigator Group, S. Aust., on Posidonia 27 m deep (Gray, 1.iv.1982; AD, A53030). Sturt Bay, S. Aust. (Davey 127; AD, A951). Victor Harbor, S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 17.x.1948; AD, A9214). Point Reynolds, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., on Posidonia, drift (Womersley, 28.x.1995; AD, A64584). Antechamber Bay, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 18.viii.1948; AD, A8658). Robe, S. Aust., on Posidonia, drift (Womersley, 24.viii.1960; AD, A24441). Port Phillip Heads, Vic., 5–7 m deep (Borowitzka & Walker, 3.xii.1983; AD, A55419).
Distribution: Yanchep, W. Aust., to Port Phillip Heads, Victoria.
Taxonomic notes: H. laricina is usually epiphytic on Posidonia. It has often been confused with H. mucronata, which is a more robust species with mucronate terminal cells to the branchlets, common on other algae on rough-water coasts; the latter also has rounded carposporangial groups in contrast to the usually elongate ones in H. laricina. Harvey's Tray. Set 200 and Alg. Aust. Exsicc. 510D from Port Fairy, Vic. are H. mucronata, whereas these numbers from Western Australia are H. laricina.
Development of the anticlinal cortical filaments appears to be variable. Some specimens from Western Australia, as for Harvey's 1963 illustration, show very few, whereas they are abundant in other specimens. No other differences between these variations have been recognised.
Harvey's (1862, pl. 218) record from Port Arthur, Tasmania, may be of a separate species of Hirsutithallia.
References:
AGARDH, J.G. (1876). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 1- Epicrisis systematic Floridearum, pp. i-vii, 1–724. (Weigel: Leipzig.)
DE TONI, G.B. (1903). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 3, pp. 775–1521 + 1523–1525. (Padua.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1855a). Some account of the marine botany of the colony of Western Australia. Trans. R. Jr. Acad. 22, 525–566.
HARVEY, W.H. (1859b). Algae. In Hooker, J.D., The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. III. Flora Tasmaniae. Vol. II, pp. 282–343, Plates 185–196. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1862). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 4, Plates 181–240. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1863). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 5, Plates 241–300, synop., pp. i-lxxiii. (Reeve: London.)
HUISMAN, J.M. & WALKER, D.I. (1990). A catalogue of the marine plants of Rottnest Island, Western Australia, with notes on their distribution and biogeography. Kingia 1, 349–459.
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929a). The marine algae of Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1928, 6–27.
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929b). A census of the marine algae of South Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 53, 45–53.
REINBOLD, T. (1899). Meeresalgen von Investigator Street (Slid Australien), gesammelt von Miss Nellie Davey (Waltham, Honiton). Hedwigia 38, 39–51.
SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (University of California Press: Berkeley, Los Angeles & London.)
SONDER, O.W. (1881). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIC complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 December, 1998)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIIC. Ceramiales – Ceramiaceae, Dasyaceae
©State Herbarium of South Australia, Government of South Australia
Illustration in Womersley Part IIIA, 1998: FIG. 119.
Figure 119 enlarge
Fig. 119. Hirsutithallia laricina (A, A9214; B, F, AD, A41582; C, AD, A 24441; D, AD, A55419; E, AD, A50596). A. Habit. B. Corticated branch with anticlinal filaments and ecorticate branchlets. C. Procarp with twinned auxiliary cells. D. Part of a carposporophytes with twinned gonimolobes from the axial cell. E. Cells bearing spermatangial clusters. F. Thallus with tetrasporangia.
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