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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Order Ceramiales – Family Ceramiaceae – Tribe Ceramieae
Selected citations: Huisman 1997: 196. Huisman & Walker 1990: 421. Millar 1990: 394, figs 41 G–I, 44. Millar & Kraft 1993: 38. Silva et al. 1996: 396. Wynne 1995: 292, figs 34, 35.
Synonyms
C. miniatum sensu Harvey 1855a: 557; 1862: pl. 206a; 1863, synop.: xlviii. J. Agardh 1876: 104; 1894: 18 (both in part). De Toni 1903: 1454; 1924: 508 (both in part). Lucas 1909: 53. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 367, fig. 185. Mazza 1912: No. 431. Sonder 1881: 13. Tisdall 1898: 503. Wilson 1892: 185. (NON Suhr ex J. Agardh 1851: 135.)
Herpoceras australe Cramer 1863: 104, pl. xi fig. 14, pl. xii figs 1–7.
Thallus (Fig. 189A) medium to dark red, 0.3–1 (–1.5) cm high, at first with a single erect base attached by rhizoids descending from the lower segments, and later with prostrate filaments. Branching essentially complanate (Fig. 189A), alternate and 3 (–5) cells apart, forming flabellate groups of laterals, usually without proliferations. Attachment by relatively massive holdfasts (Fig. 189B) formed of numerous, usually tightly clumped, rhizoids originating from all the cortical cells on the underside of a node, and with the ends of the peripheral rhizoids splayed out and becoming multicellular; epiphytic on cartilaginous brown (and occasionally red) algae. Structure. Branches terete, 100–300 µm in diameter below, with the laterals 80–150 µm in diameter near their bases, tapering to 50–70 µm shortly below the straight to slightly involute apices (Fig. 189C–E). Axial cells L/D about 1 (–1.5) throughout the thallus, with internodal spaces 0.5–1 (–2) times as long as nodal bands in mature parts, shorter near the apices. Periaxial cells 6, each cutting off usually 2 cells acropetally and 2 (–3) cells basipetally (Fig. 190E, F); the basipetal cells usually cut off only 1 (rarely 2) more cell so that basipetal chains in older parts are only 2 (–3) cells long; acropetally, the derivatives cut off (1–) 2 (–3) cells which divide similarly twice in mid parts of the thallus and up to 4 times in older parts, with some cells being cut off in the reverse direction; the node is thus 5–6 cells long (30–70 µm) in mid parts of the thallus, and may be up to 9 cells long (80–150 µm) in older parts (Fig. 190F); the nodes have relatively straight margins and the acropetal development is always greater than the basipetal. No real outer cortex is formed, but rhizoidal cortication of the axial cells occurs near the thallus base. Fine, slender hairs occur in actively growing plants. Rhodoplasts discoid in small cells, ribbon like in larger cells.
Reproduction: Gametophytes dioecious. Carposporophytes (Fig. 189C) occur on upper branches, globular, 150–300 µm across, with 3–6 relatively robust, usually slightly curved, involucral branches; carposporangia ovoid-angular, 15–30 µm across. Spermatangia (Fig. 189D) covering the nodal cortex of upper branches and often reaching the apices, surrounding the branchlet or sometimes mainly adaxial.
Tetrasporangia (Fig. 189E) in lateral branches, opposite in the plane of branching with the fertile branchlet ovoid in section, arising acropetally from the opposite periaxial cells (often with a later formed sporangium), largely involucrate within the cortical filaments (which may be 1–2 cells longer than in vegetative parts), subspherical to ovoid, 30–50 µm across, decussately divided.
Type from Port Noarlunga, S. Aust., in low eulittoral pools on offshore reef, on basal leaves of Sargassum lacerifolium (Womersley, 13.iii.1977); holotype in AD, A47978 (isotypes also).– "Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 182).
Selected specimens: Mabel Cove, Rottnest I., W. Aust., on Sargassum, reef top (Woelkerling, 9.ii.1978; AD, A49294). Bunker Bay, Cape Naturaliste, W. Aust., on Sargassum, upper sublittoral ( Womersley, 2.ix.1979; AD, A50597 -"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 182b). Elliston, S. Aust., on Sargassum, upper sublittoral pools (Gordon, 16.ii.1968; AD, A32635). Cape Carnot, S. Aust., on M. harveyanum, sublittoral fringe (Womersley, 8.i.1951; AD, A15104). Wanna, S. Aust., on Myriodesma harveyanum, drift (Womersley, 19.ii.1959; AD, A22391). Port Noarlunga, S. Aust., on Ecklonia radiata, upper sublittoral (Skinner, 20.iv.1977; AD, A47989).
Distribution: Houtman Abrolhos, W. Aust., to Coffs Harbour, N.S.W. (Millar 1990; 394). Usually growing under moderate to strong water movement, epiphytic on large brown algae. Recorded by Wynne (1995, p. 292) from the Seychelles.
Taxonomic notes: C. filicula was discussed by Womersley (1978, p. 240). It is a distinctive species, characterised by the striking holdfast of usually densely clumped rhizoids, the regular, alternate and complanate branching usually 3 cells apart, with short axial cells throughout, by the rather regular nodal cortex with short internodal spaces, and by the opposite, involucrate tetrasporangia. It is apparently always epiphytic on larger, usually cartilaginous, brown and occasionally red algae.
References:
AGARDH, J.G. (1851). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 1, I-XII, 1–336 + index. (Gleerup: Lund.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1876). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 1- Epicrisis systematic Floridearum, pp. i-vii, 1–724. (Weigel: Leipzig.)
CRAMER, C. (1863). Physiologisch-systematische Untersuchungen fiber die Ceramiaceen. Neue Denkschr. Aug.l Schweiz. Ges. Naturwiss. 20, i-iv, 1–131, Plates 1–13.
DE TONI, G.B. (1903). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 3, pp. 775–1521 + 1523–1525. (Padua.)
DE TONI, G.B. (1924). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 6. Florideae. (Padua.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1855a). Some account of the marine botany of the colony of Western Australia. Trans. R. Jr. Acad. 22, 525–566.
HARVEY, W.H. (1862). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 4, Plates 181–240. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1863). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 5, Plates 241–300, synop., pp. i-lxxiii. (Reeve: London.)
HUISMAN, J.M. & WALKER, D.I. (1990). A catalogue of the marine plants of Rottnest Island, Western Australia, with notes on their distribution and biogeography. Kingia 1, 349–459.
HUISMAN, J.M. (1997). Marine Benthic Algae of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In Wells, F.E. (Ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, pp. 177–237. (W. Aust. Museum: Perth.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
MAZZA, A. (1912). Saggio di Algologia Oceanica. Nuova Notarisia 23, Nos. 415–447.
MILLAR, A.J.K. & KRAFT, G.T. (1993). Catalogue of marine and freshwater Red Algae (Rhodophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, South-western Pacific. Aust. Syst. Bot. 6, 1–90.
MILLAR, A.J.K. (1990). Marine red algae of the Coffs Harbour region, northern New South Wales. Aust. Syst. Bot. 3, 293–593.
SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (University of California Press: Berkeley, Los Angeles & London.)
SONDER, O.W. (1881). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
TISDALL, H.T. (1898). The algae of Victoria. Rep. 7th Meet. Aust. Ass. Adv. Sci., Sydney, 1898, pp. 493–516.
WILSON, J.B. (1892). Catalogue of algae collected at or near Port Phillip Heads and Western Port. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 4, 157–190.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1978). Southern Australian species of Ceramium Roth (Rhodophyta). Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 29, 205–257.
WYNNE, M.J. (1995). Benthic marine algae from the Seychelles collected during the R/V Te Vega Indian Ocean Expedition. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 20, 261–346.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIC complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 December, 1998)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIIC. Ceramiales – Ceramiaceae, Dasyaceae
©State Herbarium of South Australia, Government of South Australia
Illustrations in Womersley Part IIIA, 1998: FIGS 189 A–E, 190E, F.
Figure 189 enlarge
Fig. 189. A–E. Ceramium filiculum (A, AD, A15104; B–E, AD, A47978). A. Habit. B. Rhizoidal holdfast, viewed from below. C. Carposporophyte with involucral branches. D. Branches with spermatangia. E. Branches with opposite, involucrate tetrasporangia. F–I. Ceramium cliftonianum (F–H, AD, A34110; I, AD, A30860). F. Habit. G. Carposporophyte on plant with few basipetal cortical cells. H. Branches with spermatangia. I. Branches with involucrate, abaxial tetrasporangia and normal formation of basipetal cortical cells. (All in Womersley 1978, courtesy of Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res.)
Figure 190 enlarge
Fig. 190. A–D. Ceramium flaccidum (A, B, AD, A43757; C, D, AD, A42759). A. Nodes of a young branch with single basipetal periaxial derivatives. B. Older nodes with most basipetal derivatives divided; a single clavate hair present. C. Node of more robust form showing cortical lineages and one acropetal gland cell. D. Node on older branch with slight outer cortex and several gland cells. E, F. Ceramium filiculum (AD, A32635). E. Node of young branch. F. Node of older mature branch. G, H. Ceramium cliftonianum (G, AD, A30860; H, AD, A34110). G. Cortex of node of robust plant, with regular basipetal cells. H. Nodal cortex of slender plant with 2 basipetal cells. (All as in Womersley 1978, courtesy of Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res.)
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