|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Class Florideophyceae – Order Rhodymeniales – Family Rhodymeniaceae
Synonyms
Chrysymenia obovata Sonder 1848: 176; 1853: 677; 1881: 18. J. Agardh 1872: 19; 1876: 324. De Toni 1900b: 544. Harvey 1849a: 77; 1855a: 556; 1858, pl. 10; 1859b: 327. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 203, fig. 67. Tisdall 1898: 506. Wilson 1892: 179.
Gastroclonium obovatum (Sonder) Kützing 1849: 865; 1865: 35, pl. 99a-f.
Botryocladia obovata (Sonder) Kylin 1931: 18. G. Feldmann 1945: 57, fig. 1. Guiler 1952: 93. Huisman & Walker 1990: 415. May 1965: 360. Womersley 1950: 174; 1953: 38; 1966: 150.
Halymenia botryoides Richard 1834: 145. J. Agardh 1851: 214.
Thallus (Fig. 15A) dark red-brown, 10–30 cm high, rigid and cartilaginous, with sparsely and irregularly branched, solid, terete, main branches 1–1.5 mm in diameter, bearing radially ovoid to obovoid, hollow, membranous, vesicular laterals 5–20 (–25) mm long and 3–10 (–14) mm in diameter, usually closely adjacent and each with a short, narrow, stipe, lost from lower axes with the stipe remnant remaining. Holdfast discoid, 2–10 mm across; epilithic. Structure multiaxial, branches solid with a small-celled cortex 3–6 cells thick, outer cells ovoid, 4–8 µm in diameter, grading to a larger-celled medulla, cells 40–80 µm in diameter and L/D 1–3 in longitudinal section, with frequent secondary pit-connections. Vesicular laterals with a continuous cortex 2–3 cells thick, outer cells ovoid, 4–10 µm in diameter, grading rapidly to a medulla 2–3 cells thick, the inner cells rounded, 40–65 µm across, lengthwise L/D 1–3, these larger cells cutting off smaller inner cells over their joint walls forming rosettes which become 3–5 cells broad. Secretory cells (Fig. 15B) scattered, sparse, on inner larger medullary cells, single or in groups of 2–4 (–9), subspherical, 30–40 µm in diameter, with a thick gelatinous wall. Rhodoplasts discoid.
Reproduction: Gametangial thalli probably dioecious. Carpogonial branches and auxiliary cell branches unknown. Carposporophyte (Fig. 15C) with an erect, basal, fusion cell producing dense, compact, lobes of carposporangia 8–12 µm in diameter. Basal nutritive tissue broad and shallowly concave, erect filaments (which disintegrate) continuing to anticlinal pericarpic filaments. Cystocarps 0.8–1.3 mm across, protruding both outwardly and into the vesicle, with an outer pericarp 150–250 µm and 10–12 cells thick, ostiolate. Spermatangia unknown.
Tetrasporangia in shallow nemathecia (Fig. 15D) over the vesicles, the sporangia (Fig. 15E) lying among elongate outer cortical cells (L/D 2–6), basally pit-connected to inner cortical cells and with slight pit-connections to the outer cells, ovoid, 25–45 µm long and 15–25 µm in diameter, decussately or cruciately divided.
Type from W. Aust. (Preiss); holotype in MEL, 504344.
Selected specimens: Port Denison, W. Aust., 1–5 m deep on jetty (Kraft, 14.xii.1971; AD, A41169). Cowaramup Bay, W. Aust., 2–3 m deep (Clarke & Engler, 1.ix.1979; AD, A50652). Emu Beach, King George Sound, W. Aust., drift (Mitchell, 27.ix.1966; AD, A30818). Point Sinclair, S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 25.i.1951; AD, A13872). Waldegrave I., S. Aust., 22 m deep (Shepherd, 23.x.1970; AD, A37394). N Spencer Gulf, S. Aust., 6 m deep (Shepherd, 5.ix.1973; AD, A44179). Tiparra reef, S. Aust., 6 m deep (Shepherd, 24.v.1969; AD, A34914). Port Moorowie, Yorke Pen., S. Aust., 2–3 m deep (Cannon, 7.i.1989; AD, A59848). Somerton Beach, S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 4.iii.1944; AD, A1635). Aldinga, S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 28.v.1994; AD, A63569). Bay of Shoals, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., 3 m deep (Womersley, 5.i.1990; AD, A60124). American R. inlet, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 5.ix.1946; AD, A4005). Vivonne Bay, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., just below low tide level (Womersley, 15.i.1947; AD, A4252). Robe, S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 25.v.1963; AD, A26515). Dutton Bay, Portland, Vic., drift (Womersley, 13.iv.1959; AD, A22671). Corio Bay, Vic., 12 m deep (Macpherson, 17.v.1963; AD, A28809). Point Lonsdale, Vic., upper sublittoral (Womersley, 21.i.1967; AD, A31718). San Remo, Vic., drift (Sinkora A846, 6.ix.1970; AD, A62598). N Waratah Bay, Vic., drift (Sinkora A2561, 15.iii.1979; AD, A60979). Georgetown, Tas., upper sublittoral (Womersley, 29.i.1949; AD, A10257).
Distribution: Port Denison, W. Aust., to N Waratah Bay, Vic., and the N coast of Tasmania.
Taxonomic notes: In describing Chrysymenia obovata as a new species, Sonder cited also Cigartina ovata Lamouroux (1813, p. 136, pl. 4 fig. 7) and Chondria ovalis var. B obovata C. Agardh (1822, p. 349). Lamouroux's type is Claviclonium ovatum (Lamouroux) Kraft & Min-Thein (1983, p. 172). Silva is discussing and renaming the well known B. obovata (Sonder) Kylin as B. sonderi. Halymenia botryoides Richard is almost certainly the same as B. australis, but the epithet cannot be transferred to Botryocladia since Botryocladia botryoides (Wulfen) J. Feldmann (1941, p. 90) is recognised as a separate species from the Mediterranean.
B. sonderi is a common species on most southern Australian coasts, from rough-water situations to calm areas with a strong current flow, and from low tide level to 24 m deep. Plants are often denuded of ramuli except near the apices, and commonly are heavily overgrown with encrusting coralline and other algae.
* This name, to replace the misapplied name B. obovata (Sonder) Kylin, is being proposed by Dr P.C. Silva in his "Indian Ocean Catalogue", scheduled for publication in 1996.
References:
AGARDH, C.A. (1822). Species Algarum. Vol. 1, Part 2, pp. 169–398. (Berling: Lund.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1851). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 1, I-XII, 1–336 + index. (Gleerup: Lund.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1872). Bidrag till Florideernes Systematik. Acta Univ. lund. 8, 1–60.
AGARDH, J.G. (1876). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 1 — Epicrisis systematis Floridearum, pp. i-vii, 1–724. (Weigel: Leipzig.)
DE TONI, G.B. (1900b). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 2, pp. 387–776. (Padua.)
FELDMANN, J. (1941). Les algues marines de la Cote des Albères. IV. Rhodophycées. Fasc. II. Gigartinales, Rhodyméniales. Rev. Algol. 12, 77–100.
FELDMANN, G. (1945). Révision du genre Botryocladia Kylin (Rhodophycées — Rhodyméniacées). Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 35, 49–61.
GUILER, E.R. (1952). The marine algae of Tasmania. Check List with localities. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 86, 71–106.
HARVEY, W.H. (1849a). Nereis Australis, pp. 65–124, Plates 26–50. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1855a). Some account of the marine botany of the colony of Western Australia. Trans. R. Ir. Acad. 22, 525–566.
HARVEY, W.H. (1858). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 1, Plates 1–60. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1859b). Algae. In Hooker, J.D., The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. HI Flora Tasmaniae. Vol. II, pp. 282–320. (Reeve: London.)
HUISMAN, J.M. & WALKER, D.I. (1990). A catalogue of the marine plants of Rottnest Island, Western Australia, with notes on their distribution and biogeography. Kingia 1, 349–459.
KÜTZING, F.T. (1849). Species Algarum. (Leipzig.)
KÜTZING, F.T. (1865). Tabulae Phycologicae. Vol. 15. (Nordhausen.)
KRAFT, G.T. & MIN-THEIN, U. (1983). Claviclonium and Antrocentrum, two new genera of Acrotylaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from southern Australia. Phycologia 22, 171–183.
KYLIN, H. (1931). Die Florideenordnung Rhodyméniales. Lunds Univ. Årsskr. N.F. Avd. 2, 27 (11), 1–48, Plates 1–20.
LAMOUROUX, J.V.F. (1813). Essai sur les genres de la famille des thalassiophytes non articulées. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris 20, 21–47, 115–139, 267–293, Plates 7–13 (1–7).
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S.W. natn. Herb. 3, 349–429.
RICHARD, A. (1834). Algues de la Nouvelle-Hollande. In &ldquot;Voyage de Découvertes de l'Astrolabe Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, pendant les Annees 1826–9, sous le Commandement de M. J. Dumont D'Urville&rdquot;. Botanique, pp. 142–8.
SONDER, O.W. (1848). Algae. In Lehmann, C., Plantae Preissianae. Vol. 2, pp. 161–195. (Hamburg.)
SONDER, O.W. (1853). Plantae Muellerianae. Algae. Linnaea 25, 657–709.
SONDER, O.W. (1881). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
TISDALL, H.T. (1898). The algae of Victoria. Rep. 7th Meet. Aust. Ass. Adv. Sci., Sydney, 1898, pp. 493–516.
WILSON, J.B. (1892). Catalogue of algae collected at or near Port Phillip Heads and Western Port. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 4, 157–190.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1950). The marine algae of Kangaroo Island. III. List of Species 1. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 73, 137–197.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1953). The Archipelago of the Recherche. 3b. Marine Algae. Aust. Geogr. Soc. Rep. No. 1, Part 3B, pp. 36–38.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1966). Port Phillip survey, 1957–1963: Algae. Mem. natn. Mus., Vict. No. 27, 133–156.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIB complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (28 June, 1996)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIIB. Gracilarialse, Rhodymeniales, Corallinales and Bonnemaisoniales
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIB 1996, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustration in Womersley Part IIIA, 1996: FIG. 15.
Figure 15 enlarge
Fig. 15. Botryocladia sonderi (A–C, AD, A59848; D, AD, A63569; E, AD, A34914). A. Habit. B. Section of thallus with internal secretory cells. C. Section of cystocarp. D. Surface view of margin of tetrasporangial nemathecium. E. Section of tetrasporangial nemathecium.
|
Email Contact: State Herbarium of South Australia |
|
