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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Rhodomelaceae – Tribe Polysiphonieae
Selected citations: Abbott 1999: 430, fig. 128A. Adams 1994: 318. J. Agardh 1863: 962. Allender 1981: 19, 20, 22. Beanland & Woelkerling 1982: 99. De Toni 1903: 874; 1924: 393. Harvey 1853: 34. Hollenberg 1968a: 92, fig. 19. Kützing 1849: 804; 1863: 10, pl. 28a-e. Lewis 1983: 263; 1984: 66. Meñez 1964: 211, fig. 6D–G. Millar & Kraft 1993: 59. Segi 1959: 261, pl. 13C, D. Silva et al. 1996: 546. Womersley 1979: 469, fig. 2F–I. Yoon 1986: 13, fig. 5, pl. 3.
Synonyms
Polysiphonia angustissima Kützing 1864: 17, pl. 47d-g. De Toni 1903: 960. Lucas 1909: 41. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 275 (descr. incorrect). Segi 1966: 504, pl. 2B.
? Polysiphonia abscissa Hooker & Harvey 1845a: 266. J. Agardh 1863: 974. De Toni 1903: 879; 1924: 394. Guiler 1952: 103. Harvey 1847: 43; 1859b: 299; 1863, synop.: xx. Hooker 1847: 480, pl. 183 fig. II. Howe 1914: 140. Kützing 1849: 817?; 1863: 22, pl. 70a-d. Lucas 1909: 41; 1929a: 21. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 267. Papenfuss 1964b: 62? Pujals 1963: 115. Segi 1951: 236, fig. 25, pl. 9 fig 4; 1960: 614, pl. 28D, E. Sonder 1880: 34. Tisdall 1898: 514.
Thallus (Fig. 78F) dark red-brown, (1–) 4–12 cm high, very slender, lax, much branched, arising from prostrate and entangled basal filaments. Attachment by rhizoids; epilithic (or on wood) or epiphytic. Structure. Prostrate filaments 100–180 µm in diameter with segments L/D 1–1.5 (–2), attached by scattered rhizoids in open connection with the pericentral cells, and with occasional endogenous branches; erect main filaments usually 70–180 µm in diameter with segments L/D 1.5–2 (–6) below, tapering gradually to 35–60 µm in diameter above with segments mostly L/D 1–2 (–3), irregularly branched but usually with terminal flat-topped branch systems (Fig. 78H); branches arising exogenously usually every 3–7 segments near apices, independent of trichoblasts, spirally arranged on a phyllotaxis of 1/3 or 1/4 usually continuing as indeterminate laterals; branches 15–25 µm in diameter several segments from the apices, segments L/D 0.5–1, apical cells relatively prominent. Pericentral cells 4, ecorticate (Fig. 78H, I); trichoblasts and scar cells rare to occasional in vegetative and tetrasporangial thalli, more frequent in sexual thalli; trichoblasts slender, lower cells 8–16 µm in diameter, simple to twice furcate. Rhodoplasts discoid, scattered or in chains.
Reproduction: Gametophytes dioecious. Carposporophytes with a small basal fusion cell and short branched gonimoblast with clavate terminal carposporangia 20–30 µm in diameter. Cystocarps (Fig. 78G) short-stalked, ovoid to slightly urceolate, 120–450 µm in diameter; pericarp ostiolate, 2 cells thick, outer cells isodiametric, angular. Spermatangial branches (Fig. 78H) 150–350 µm long and 30–65 µm in diameter, replacing the whole trichoblast and with a sterile tip 4–6 cells long.
Tetrasporangia (Fig. 78I) forming a relatively uniform straight series in ultimate or subultimate slender branchlets 60–80 µm broad, swelling each segment slightly, 35–50 µm in diameter.
Type from Cayenne, French Guiana; holotype in Herb. Montagne, PC; isotype in BM.
Selected specimens: Princess Royal Harbour, Albany, W. Aust., upper sublittoral (Womersley, 21.viii.1979; AD, A51389). Entrance to Kellidie Bay, Coffin Bay, S. Aust., low eulittoral (Womersley, 22.viii.1967; AD, A31867). Port Lincoln, S. Aust., 1–2 m deep (Womersley, 13.v.1968; AD, A32499). St Kilda, S. Aust., on Posidonia, 1.5 m deep (S. Lewis, 23.viii.1972; AD, A42717). Port Noarlunga, S. Aust., 6 m deep (Melville, 18.xii.1996; AD, A66819). NE Ballast Head, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., 12 m deep (Hone, 5.xii.1996; AD, A66974). Muston, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., 2–3 m deep (Kraft, 17.vii.1972; AD, A42534). Robe, S. Aust., low eulittoral in boat harbour (Womersley, 24.viii.1973; AD, A44593). Port MacDonnell, S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 27.x.1996; AD, A66713). Apollo Bay, Vic., on rope in harbour, just sublittoral (Engler, 19.v.1980; AD, A51075). Kirk Point, Port Phillip, Vic., drift (Womersley, 11.viii.1970; AD, A36031). Bombay Rock, Low Head, Tas., on mud flat (Cribb 73.13, 15.ix.1950; AD, A16276). Taroona, Tas., 1–3 m deep (Shepherd, 19.iii.1975; AD, A46227). Towra Point, Botany Bay, N.S.W., drift (Womersley, 20.v.1978; AD, A49370).
Distribution: Tropical and subtropical eastern America; Korea; Hawaiian Is, Indian Ocean. In southern Australia, from Swan R. estuary, W. Aust. (Allender 1981), to Port Phillip, Vic. and around Tasmania, and to Towra Point, Botany Bay, N.S.W.
Taxonomic notes: P. subtilissima usually occurs in sheltered bays in shallow water or just intertidal. Relationships of P. subtilissima with other Australian and southern hemisphere species were discussed in Womersley (1979, pp. 470–472).
References:
ABBOTT, I.A. (1999). Marine Red Algae of the Hawaiian Islands. (Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, Hawai'i.)
ADAMS, N.M. (1994). Seaweeds of New Zealand. (Cant. Univ. Press: Christchurch.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1863). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 3, pp. 787–1291. (Gleerup: Lund.)
ALLENDER, B.M. (1981). The distribution of benthic macroflora in the Swan River Estuary, Western Australia. J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 4(1), 17–22.
BEANLAND, W.R. & WOELKERLING, W.J. (1982). Studies on Australian mangrove algae: IT. Composition and geographical distribution of communities in Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 94, 89–106.
DE TONI, G.B. (1903). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 3. pp. 775–1521 + 1523–1525. (Padua.)
DE TONI, G.B. (1924). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 6. Florideae. (Padua.)
GUILER, E.R. (1952). The marine algae of Tasmania. Checklist with localities. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasmania 86, 71–106.
HARVEY, W.H. (1847). Nereis Australis, pp. 1–69, Plates 1–25. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1853). Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part II. – Rhodospermae. (Smithsonian Inst.: Washington.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1859b). Algae. In Hooker, J.D., The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. III. Flora Tasmaniae. Vol. II, pp. 282–343, Plates 185–196. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1863). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 5, Plates 241–300, synop., pp. i-lxxiii. (Reeve: London.)
HOLLENBERG, G.J. (1968a). An account of the species of Polysiphonia of the central and western Tropical Pacific Ocean. 1. Oligosiphonia. Pacif. Sci. 22, 56–98.
HOOKER, J.D. & HARVEY, W.H. (1845a). Algae Antarcticae. Lund. J. But. 4, 249–276.
HOOKER, J.D. (1847). The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. I. Flora Antarctica. Part II, Algae, pp. 454–502, Plates 165–194. (Reeve: London.)
HOWE, M.A. (1914). The marine algae of Peru. Mem. Torrey But. Club 15, 1–185, Plates 1–66.
KÜTZING, F.T. (1849). Species Algarum. (Leipzig.)
KÜTZING, F.T. (1863). Tabulae Phycologicae. Vol. 13. (Nordhausen.)
KÜTZING, F.T. (1864). Tabulae Phycologicae. Vol. 14. (Nordhausen.)
LEWIS, J.A. (1983). Floristic composition and periodicity of subtidal algae on an artifical structure in Port Phillip Bay (Victoria, Australia). Aquatic Bot. 15, 257–274.
LEWIS, J.A. (1984). Checklist and bibliography of benthic marine macroalgae recorded from northern Australia. I. Rhodophyta. Dept. Defence, Materials Res. Lab., Melbourne, Vic. Report MRL-R-912.
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929a). The marine algae of Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1928, 6–27.
MEÑEZ, E.G. (1964). The taxonomy of Polysiphonia in Hawaii. Pacif. Sci. 18(2), 207–222.
MILLAR, A.J.K. & KRAFT, G.T. (1993). Catalogue of marine and freshwater Red Algae (Rhodophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, South-western Pacific. Aust. Syst. Bot. 6, 1–90.
MONTAGNE, C. (1840a). Seconde centurie de planter cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, decades I et II. Annls Sci. Nat. (Bot.) Sér. 2, 13, 193–207, Plates 5, 6.
PAPENFUSS, G.F. (1964b). Catalogue and bibliography of antarctic and subantarctic benthic marine algae. Am. geophys. Un. Antarctic Res. Ser., Vol. 1, pp. 1–76.
PUJALS, C. (1963). Catálogo de Rhodophyta citadas para la Argentina. Rev. Mus. Arg. Cienc. Nat. “B. Rivadavia”, Bot. 3 (1), 1–139.
SEGI, T. (1951). Systematic study of the genus Polysiphonia from Japan and its vicinity. J Fac. Fish., Prefect. Univ. Mie 1, 169–272, Plates 1–16.
SEGI, T. (1959). Further study of Polysiphonia from Japan (I). Rep. Fac. Fish., Prefect. Univ. Mie 3, 257–266, Plates 11–17.
SEGI, T. (1960). Further study of Polysiphonia from Japan (II). Rep. Fac. Fish., Prefect. Univ. Mie 3, 608–626, Plates 24–35.
SEGI, T. (1966). The type or authentic specimens of Polysiphonia in Europe. Rep. Fac. Fish., Prefect. Univ. Mie 5, 503–516, Plates 1–25.
SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (Univ. California Press: Berkeley.)
SONDER, O.W. (1880). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
TISDALL, H.T. (1898). The algae of Victoria. Rep. 7th Meet. Aust. Ass. Adv. Sci., Sydney, 1898, pp. 493–516.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1979). Southern Australian species of Polysiphonia Greville (Rhodophyta). Aust. J. Bot. 27, 459–528.
YOON, H.-Y. (1986). A taxonomic study of genus Polysiphonia (Rhodophyta) from Korea. Korean J. Phycol. 1, 3–86.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustration in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIG. 78 F–I.
Figure 78 enlarge
Fig. 78. A–E. Polysiphonia scopulorum (A, AD, A32910; B–E, AD, A46072). A. Habit. B. Prostrate axis with erect branches. C. Cystocarps. D. Spermatangial branches. E. Tetrasporangial branch. F–I. Polysiphonia subtilissima (F, AD, A44593; G, H, AD, A42717; I, AD, A36031). F. Habit. G. Cystocarp. H. Spermatangial branches. I. Tetrasporangial branches. (All as in Womersley 1979, courtesy of Aust. J. Bot.)
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