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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Order Ceramiales – Family Ceramiaceae – Tribe Monosporeae
Synonyms
Corynospora australis Harvey 1855a: 559; 1863: pl. 253. May 1965: 364.
Monosporus australis (Harvey) J. Agardh 1876: 610. Allender 1981: 19. Baldock 1976: 561. De Toni 1903: 1299. De Toni & Forti 1923: 52. Huisman & Gordon-Mills 1994: 87, figs 9,10,26,27. Huisman & Kraft 1982: 189, figs 30–33. Lucas 1909: 48. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 328. Silva et al. 1996: 418. Sonder 1881: 28. Wilson 1892: 170.
Thallus (Fig. 142E) medium to dark red, erect, 5–9 cm high, ecorticate, subdichotomous and often flabellate. Attachment by short descending rhizoids from basal cells; epiphytic or possibly epilithic. Structure. Apical cells 20–80 µm in diameter and L/D 2–10, increasing to 120–150 µm in diameter and L/D 3–6 in the central thallus and 200–600 (–800) µm in diameter and L/D 4–10 near the thallus base. Cells multinucleate; rhodoplasts discoid to elongate, ribbon like in larger cells.
Reproduction: Propagules (Fig. 142F, G) arising on subapical cells, when mature with a stalk cell 40–70 µm long and 35–60 µm in diameter, subtending an ovoid propagule 70–120 µm in diameter and 180–270 µm long, with the parent cell developing a lateral branch so that the propagule appears axillary. Propagules with 20–50 nuclei and numerous small vacuoles, stalk cell with 4–5 nuclei.
Gametophytes known only in culture. Female axes (Fig. 143E) of 2 cells and a larger hypogenous cell. Subapical cell with 2 periaxial cells, one (the supporting cell) bearing a 4-celled carpogonial branch and a terminal sterile cell. Post-fertilization stages unknown. Spermatangial heads (Figs 142H, 143F) ovoid, sessile, 90–100 µm in diameter, with 5–6 axial cells bearing whorls of cells and ultimate spermatangia.
Lectotype from Rottnest I., W. Aust. (Harvey); in Herb. Harvey, TCD (Tray. Set 344).
Selected specimens: Christies Beach, S. Aust., on Cystoseira, upper sublittoral (Womersley, 14.x.1968; AD, A32864). American R. inlet, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., drift (Shepley, 23.viii.1954; AD, A19744). Port Phillip, Vic. (Mueller; Herb. Harvey, TCD). Sorrento, Vic., 5–6m deep in turf (Kraft 9017 & Drews, 8.vi.1992; MELU and AD, A67842). Cruiser Point, Shoreham, Western Port, Vic., drift (Sinkora ; Al 685,16.xi.1972; AD, A53404). Crawfish Rock, Westernport Bay, Vic., at low tide (Watson, 28.v.1974; AD, A45364).
Distribution: Rottnest I., W. Aust., to Westernport Bay, Victoria.
Taxonomic notes: Polysporangia (142G) subspherical to slightly ovoid, situated in branch axils, 90–120 µm in diameter, with 8 spores.
References:
AGARDH, J.G. (1876). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 1- Epicrisis systematic Floridearum, pp. i-vii, 1–724. (Weigel: Leipzig.)
ALLENDER, B.M. (1981). The distribution of benthic macroflora in the Swan River Estuary, Western Australia. J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 4(1), 17–22.
BALDOCK, R.N. (1976). The Griffithsieae group of the Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta) and its southern Australian representatives. Aust. J. Bot. 24, 509–593.
DE TONI, G.B. & FORTI, A. (1923). Alghe di Australia, Tasmania e Nouva Zelanda. Mein. R. Inst. Veneto Sci., Lett. Arti 29, 1–183, Plates 1–10.
DE TONI, G.B. (1903). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 3, pp. 775–1521 + 1523–1525. (Padua.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1855a). Some account of the marine botany of the colony of Western Australia. Trans. R. Jr. Acad. 22, 525–566.
HARVEY, W.H. (1863). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 5, Plates 241–300, synop., pp. i-lxxiii. (Reeve: London.)
HUISMAN, J.M. & GORDON-MILLS, E.M. (1994). A proposal to resurrect the tribe Monosporeae Schmitz et Hauptfleisch, with a description of Tanakaella itonoi sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from southern and western Australia. Phycologia 33, 81–90.
HUISMAN, J.M. & KRAFT, G.T. (1982). Deucalion gen. nov. and Anisoschizus gen. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Ceramiales), two new propagule-forming red algae from southern Australia. .1. Phycol.18, 177–192.
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S.W. natn. Herb. 3, 349–429.
SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (University of California Press: Berkeley, Los Angeles & London.)
SONDER, O.W. (1881). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
WILSON, J.B. (1892). Catalogue of algae collected at or near Port Phillip Heads and Western Port. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 4, 157–190.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIC complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 December, 1998)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIIC. Ceramiales – Ceramiaceae, Dasyaceae
©State Herbarium of South Australia, Government of South Australia
Illustrations in Womersley Part IIIA, 1998: FIGS 142 E–H, 143E, F.
Figure 142 enlarge
Fig. 142. A–D. Mazoyerella arachnoidea (A, the lectotype; B, AD, A33571; C, D, culture from AD, A33779). A. Habit. B. Filaments with propagules and polysporangia. C. Carposporophytes with involucral filaments. D. A spermatangial head. E–H. Mazoyerella australis (E, F, AD, A45364; G, H, MURU, JH202S). E. Habit. F. Filaments and propagules with small, angular, stalk cells. G. Filaments with a propagule and a polysporangium. H. A spermatangial head. (A, C, D, as in Gordon-Mills & Womersley 1974, courtesy of Brit. Phyc. J.; G, H, as in Huisman & Gordon-Mills 1994, courtesy of Phycologia.)
Figure 143 enlarge
Fig. 143. A–D. Mazoyerella arachnoidea (A, D, AD, A33571; B, C, culture from AD, A33779). A. Filaments with propagules and polysporangia. B. A procarp system. C. A spermatangial head in longitudinal section. D. A polysporangium. E, F, Mazoyerella australis (MURU, JH2O2S in culture). E. A procarp. F. Longitudinal section of a spermatangial head. G, H, Deucalion levringii (culture from MELU, 23824). G. A procarp. H. A young spermatangial head. (A–D, as in Gordon-Mills & Womersley 1974, courtesy of Brit. Phyc. J.; E–F, as in Huisman & Kraft 1982, courtesy of J. Phycol.)
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