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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Phaeophyta – Order Scytosiphonales – Family Scytosiphonaceae
Selected citations: Clayton 1975: 187, figs 8–11; 1979: 1, figs 1–10. Parsons 1982: 295, figs 6,7,13. Rosenvinge & Lund 1947: 37, figs 12,13. Womersley 1967: 244.
Thallus (Fig. 107B) light to medium brown, sessile with a restricted to broad base, 4–15 (–25) cm across and high, globular to broadly lobed or irregularly convolute, membranous, hollow, epilithic or epiphytic. Structure (Fig. 108H) of large inner medullary cells, 2–4 cells thick, and a cortex 1–2 cells thick of small, isodiametric cells (8–) 10–16 (–18) µm across in surface view, each with a single phaeoplast and pyrenoid; phaeophycean hairs scattered, single or in groups, 6–8 µm in diameter.
Reproduction: Sori (Fig. 108G) spreading over the thallus surface, with scattered hair groups, without an overall cuticular membrane. Plurilocular reproductive organs (Fig. 108H) uni- or occasionally biseriate, 20–40 µ and 5–8 locules long, each row 3–5 (–8) µm in diameter, with 2 or 4 rows arising from each cortical cell, accompanied by scattered, clavate, unicellular paraphyses 20–40 µm long and 8–12 µ in diameter. Zooids reproducing the macrothallus directly or from filaments, but functioning as anisogametes (from dioecious thalli) in winter (Clayton 1979), with the zygotes forming minute discs with erect filaments producing terminal unilocular sporangia.
Type from Brittany, France; in Herb. Sauvageau, PC.
Selected specimens: Princess Royal Harbour, Albany, W. Aust., upper sublittoral on Posidonia australis (Womersley, 21.viii.1979: ADU, A51387). American R. inlet, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., on outer tidal flats (Womersley, 2.ix.1946; ADU, A3992). Aldinga, S. Aust., mid eulittoral ( Womersley, 7.ix.1986; ADU, A57141-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 263). Robe, S. Aust., in pools on slipway reef (Womersley, 20.viii.1966; ADU, A30793). Portarlington, Port Phillip, Vic., about low tide level (Sinkora A1478, 29,xi.1971; ADU, A43098). Shelter Point, Boat Harbour Beach, N. Tas., on Caulocystis uvifera in lower eulittoral pools (Womersley, 16.x.1982; ADU, A55731). Bluestone Bay, Freycinet Pen., Tas., 6 m deep (Brown, McGeary & Womersley, 4.xi.1982; ADU, A56266).
Distribution: Widely distributed in temperate seas.
Found generally along southern Australia, at least from Albany to Heron I., Qld (Clayton 1979, p. 2) and around Tasmania, usually in the lower eulittoral or upper sublittoral regions.
Taxonomic notes: C. peregrina is mainly a lower eulittoral pool or just subtidal alga, but extends to 6 m deep. It is often found in more sheltered localities than C. sinuosa.
References:
CLAYTON, M.N. (1975). A study of variation in Australian species of Colpomenia (Phaeophyta, Scytosiphonales). Phycologia 14, 187–195.
CLAYTON, M.N. (1979). The life history and sexual reproduction of Colpomenia peregrina (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyta) in Australia. Br. phycol. J. 14, 1–10.
HAMEL, G. (1937). Phéophycées de France. Fasc. III, pp. 177–240. (Paris.)
PARSONS, M.J. (1982). Colpomenia (Endlicher) Derbés & Solier (Phaeophyta) in New Zealand. N.Z. J. Bot. 20, 289–301.
ROSENVINGE, L.K. & LUND, S. (1947). The marine algae of Denmark. Vol. II. Phaeophyceae. III. Encoeliaceae, Myriotrichiaceae, Giraudiaceae, Striariaceae, Dictyosiphonaceae, Chordaceae and Laminariaceae. K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Skr. 4(5), 1–99.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1967). A critical survey of the marine algae of southern Australia. II. Phaeophyta. Aust. J. Bot. 15, 189–270.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part II complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (14 December, 1987)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Part II
©Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Government of South Australia
Illustrations in Womersley Part II, 1997: FIGS 107B, 108G,H.
Figure 107 enlarge
Fig. 107. A. Colpomenia sinuosa (ADU, A51846). B. Colpomenia peregrina (ADU, A51387). C. Colpomenia ecuticulata (ADU, A53175).
Figure 108 enlarge
Fig. 108. A,B. Petalonia fascia (ADU, A54300). A. Surface view of thallus with a sorus of plurilocular organs and paraphyses (stippled). B. Transverse section of thallus with plurilocular organs and paraphyses (stippled). C,D. Scytosiphon lomentaria ( C, ADU, A24419; D, ADU, A52004, sporophyte). C. Transverse section of thallus with cortex, plurilocular organs, paraphyses and phaeophycean hairs. D. Transverse section of sporophytic crust with plurilocular sporangia; one erect filament shown with phaeoplasts. E,F. Colpomenia sinuosa (ADU, A51846). E. Surface pattern of punctate sori around hair tufts. F. Transverse section with part of sorus with phaeophycean hair tufts, plurilocular organs, large paraphyses and cuticular membrane. G.H. Colpomenia peregrina (ADU, A55731). G. Surface pattern of spreading sorus and hair tufts. H. Transverse section with part of sorus, with plurilocular organs, paraphyses and phaeophycean hairs. I–K. Colpomenia ecuticulata (ADU, A53175). I. Surface pattern of reticulate sorus and hair tufts. J. Surface view of cells, plurilocular organs and paraphyses. K. Transverse section with phaeophycean hair tuft and part of sorus with plurilocular organs and 2-celled paraphyses.
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