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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Rhodomelaceae – Tribe Bostrychieae
Selected citations: Adams 1994: 311. Millar & Kraft 1993: 51
Synonyms
Bostrychia rivularis sensu J. Agardh 1863: 855. Harvey 1860: pl. 176B; 1863, synop.: xix. Sonder 1880: 34. Tisdall 1898: 514.
Bostrychia simpliciuscula sensu Guiler 1952: 104. Lucas 1909: 47. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 306. King & Wheeler 1985: 102. May 1965: 376. Womersley 1950: 186.
Bostrychia tenuis f. typica Post 1936: 22.
Bostrychia radicans sensu Davey & Woelkerling 1980: 58. De Toni & Forti 1923: 50. Beanland & Woelkerling 1982: 98. May 1965: 376.
Thallus (Fig. 157A) forming moderate to dense turfs 2–10 (–20) mm high, brown-red to purple, with branched prostrate indeterminate axes 5–40 mm long, bearing determinate laterals 2–3 axial cells apart and 2–6 mm long, simple or branched for 1–2 orders. Attachment by peripherohaptera (Fig. 157B) near branching of indeterminate axes; epilithic, on mud, or epiphytic on mangroves, mid to upper eulittoral, usually shaded. Structure. Apices straight or curved (Fig. 157C), apical cells dome-shaped to conical, 30–40 µm in diameter. Pericentral cells 5–7, each dividing into 2 tiers, ecorticate apart from odd cells on older axes, polysiphonous throughout apart from the end 2–8 cells of determinate laterals. Indeterminate axes 70–180 µm in diameter, axial cells 80–250 µm long; determinate laterals 40–80 µm in diameter. Cells uninucleate, often binucleate in larger cells; rhodoplasts discoid, chained in larger cells.
Reproduction: Female plants unknown. Spermatangial organs 80–100 µm in diameter, 1000–1200 µm long, involving 9–15 axial cells of ultimate lateral branches, with 5 pericentral cells in 2 tiers, 1–2 layers of cortical cells and an outer layer of spermatangia.
Stichidia (Fig. 157C, D) subapical or intercalary on determinate or indeterminate branches, 100–200 µm in diameter, 500–1500 µm and 4–10 (–25) axial cells long, with 4 pericentral cells and tetrasporangia per whorl; tetrasporangia 70–85 µm in diameter, with 3 cover cells which cut off small cortical cells.
Type from Port Fairy, Vic. (Harvey, Alg. Aust. Exsicc. 174D); holotype in MEL, 672236.
Selected specimens: Head of Great Australian Bight, S. Aust., supralittoral (Womersley, 4.ii.1954; AD, A19314). Point Sinclair, S. Aust., shaded, mid eulittoral (Parsons, 3.xi.1968; AD, A32939). Venus Bay, S. Aust., mid eulittoral, shaded (Womersley, 17.i.1951; AD, A14951). Proper Bay, Port Lincoln, S. Aust., upper eulittoral, shaded (Womersley, 7.i.1951; AD, A15064). Opposite Bird I., SW of Wallaroo, S. Aust., mid eulittoral on Avicennia pneumatophores (Womersley, 23.xi.1991; AD, A61506-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 338a). Port Adelaide, S. Aust., mid eulittoral on log (Brock, 18.x.1974; AD, A45977). Head of Lagoons, American R. inlet, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., mid eulittoral under samphires (Womersley, 21.xi.1987; AD, A58387-"Marine Algae of southern Australia" No. 338). Nora Creina, S. Aust., mid eulittoral, shaded (Womersley, 18.viii.1953; AD, A19072). "The Blowholes", Cape Bridgewater, Vic., in pool 30 m above sea level, very rough-water coast (Womersley, 21.viii.1953; AD, A19067). E side Westernport Bay, Vic., on Avicennia pneumatophore (Womersley, 10.iv.1959; AD, A56448). Orford, Tas., upper eulittoral in reeds (Womersley, 3.xi.1982; AD, A54391).
Distribution: Head of Great Australian Bight, S. Aust., around SE Australia and Tasmania to southern Queensland.
New Zealand.
Taxonomic notes: Bostrychia tenuissima was usually referred to as B. simpliciuscula Harvey ex J. Agardh until distinguished by King & Puttock as a separate species, differing from the latter in not having monosiphonous lateral branches. However, while King & Puttock consider the lateral branches of B. tenuissima as "polysiphonous", most specimens have the terminal 2–8 cells of determinate laterals monosiphonous, but never as long as the much longer monosiphonous branches of true simpliciuscula from the tropical Pacific.
References:
ADAMS, N.M. (1994). Seaweeds of New Zealand. (Cant. Univ. Press: Christchurch.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1863). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 3, pp. 787–1291. (Gleerup: Lund.)
BEANLAND, W.R. & WOELKERLING, W.J. (1982). Studies on Australian mangrove algae: IT. Composition and geographical distribution of communities in Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 94, 89–106.
DAVEY, A. & WOELKERLING, W.J. (1980). Studies on Australian mangrove algae. I. Victorian communities: Composition and geographic distribution. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 91, 53–66.
DE TONI, G.B. & FORTI, A. (1923). Alghe di Australia, Tasmania e Nouva Zelanda. Mem. R. Inst. Veneto Sci., Lett. Arti 29, 1–183, Plates 1–10.
GUILER, E.R. (1952). The marine algae of Tasmania. Checklist with localities. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasmania 86, 71–106.
HARVEY, W.H. (1860). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 3, Plates 121–180. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1863). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 5, Plates 241–300, synop., pp. i-lxxiii. (Reeve: London.)
KING, R.J. & PUTTOCK, C.F. (1989). Morphology and taxonomy of Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia (Rhodomelaceae / Rhodophyta). Aust. Syst. Bot. 2, 1–73.
KING, R.J. & WHEELER, M.D. (1985). Composition and geographic distribution of mangrove macroalgal communities in New South Wales. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 108, 97–117.
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S. W. Natl Herb. 3, 349–429.
MILLAR, A.J.K. & KRAFT, G.T. (1993). Catalogue of marine and freshwater Red Algae (Rhodophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, South-western Pacific. Aust. Syst. Bot. 6, 1–90.
POST, E. (1936). Systematische und pflanzengeographische Notizen zur Bostrychia-Caloglossa Assoziation. Rev. Algol. 9, 1–84.
SONDER, O.W. (1880). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
TISDALL, H.T. (1898). The algae of Victoria. Rep. 7th Meet. Aust. Ass. Adv. Sci., Sydney, 1898, pp. 493–516.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1950). The marine algae of Kangaroo Island. III. List of Species 1. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 73, 137–197.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustration in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIG. 157 A–D.
Figure 157 enlarge
Fig. 157. A–D. Bostrychia tenuissima (A, AD, A54391; B, AD, A61506; C, D, AD, A56448). A. Habit. B. Prostrate axis with peripherohaptera. C. Upper branches with stichidia. D. Stichidia with 4 tetrasporangia per whorl. E–G. Bostrychia harveyi (AD, A21367). E. Habit. F. Upper branches with curved apices. G. Branch with swelling due to extra cortication adjacent to branch.
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