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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Class Florideophyceae – Order Gigartinales – Family Kallymeniaceae
Synonyms
Callophyllis harveyana J. Agardh 1876: 230; 1901: 16. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 158. Womersley 1966: 147.
Callophyllis obtusifolia sensu Harvey 1862: pl. 193 (NON J. Agardh).
Meristotheca tasmanica J. Agardh 1876: 583. De Toni 1897: 329. Kylin 1932: 29, pl. 12 fig. 29.
Thallus (Fig. 80A) pale to medium rose red, 10–30 cm high, subdichotomously to laterally branched at distances of usually 1–3 cm, with markedly rounded axils; branches 1–2 cm broad in lower or median parts, usually somewhat narrower near the branch base, then tapering gradually to (1–) 3–5 mm broad near the rounded apices; outline of branches smooth, normally without short or spinous laterals but older specimens (second year growth) often with proliferous leaflets from the margin; stipe virtually absent; thallus membranous, partially adhering to paper on drying. Holdfast discoid, 1–2 mm across; epilithic or epiphytic. Structure. Thallus (Fig. 791) mostly 200–700 µm thick, with a medulla of large ovoid cells and relatively few slender filaments of ovoid cells between them, grading to the cortex with outer cells ovoid to irregular, 3–5 µm long in surface and sectional view, forming a fairly continuous outer layer.
Reproduction: Carpogonial branch systems (Fig. 79J) in outer medulla, about 100 µm across, monocarpogonial with several-lobed supporting and 3–5 subsidiary cells, an elongate to slightly lobed first cell and elongate-ovoid second cell of the carpogonial branches. Fusion cell compact in the few seen. Auxiliary cell systems (Fig. 79K) about 25 µm across, consisting of an enucleate auxiliary cell and 5–9 subspherical to ovoid subsidiary cells, the latter occasionally bearing one further cell. Gonimoblast of much-branched filaments, forming a carposporophyte with groups of ovoid carposporangia (20–30 µm long) separated by filaments and including medullary cells. Cystocarps usually scattered over all parts of the thallus, sometimes in small clusters, prominent, slightly protruding, 0.5–1 mm across, with a small ostiole. Male thalli unknown.
Tetrasporangia (Fig. 79I) scattered in the outer cortex, elongate-ovoid, 25–35 µm long and 16–20 µm broad, irregularly cruciately divided.
Type from Orford, Tas. (Meredith); holotype in Herb. Agardh, LD, 34170.
Selected specimens: Margaret Brock Reef, Cape Jaffa, S. Aust., 10 m deep (Lewis, 15.ii.1974; AD, A45024). 1.3 km off Cape Northumberland, S. Aust., 15 m deep (Shepherd, 13.ii.1976; AD, A55033).Port Phillip, Vic. (Wilson, 30.xii.1887; MEL, 1005976 and 23.xii.1895; MEL, 1005977). Port Phillip Heads, Vic., (Wilson, 22.xii.1889; MEL, 1005978) and 8 m deep (Macpherson, 4.iv.1963; AD, A34438). Musselroe Bay, Tas. (Perrin 468; BM). Lady Bay, Southport, Tas., 3–5 m deep (Brown & Womersley, 28.x.1982; AD, A56524).
Distribution: Margaret Brock Reef, Cape Jaffa, S. Aust., to Western Port, Vic., and eastern Tasmania.
Taxonomic notes: A. harveyana is clearly distinguished by its form and structure and the presence of scattered cystocarps over virtually the whole thallus. Most specimens have upper branches 3–5 mm broad, but in AD, A56524 they are narrower (1–2 mm broad).
References:
AGARDH, J.G. (1876). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 1 - Epicrisis systematis Floridearum, pp. i-vii, 1–724. (Weigel: Leipzig.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1901). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 4, pp. 1–149. (Gleerup: Lund.)
DE TONI, G.B. (1897). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 1, pp. 1–388. (Padua.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1862). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 4, Plates 181–240. (Reeve: London.)
KYLIN, H. (1932). Die Florideenordnung Gigartinales. Lunds Univ. Årsskr. N.F. Avd. 2, 28 (8), 1–88, Plates 1–28.
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. & NORRIS, R.E. (1971). The morphology and taxonomy of Australian Kallymeniaceae (Rhodophyta). Aust. J. Bot. Suppl. 2, pp. 1–62.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1966). Port Phillip survey, 1957–1963: Algae. Mem. natn. Mus., Vict. No. 27, 133–156.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIA complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (14 January, 1994)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIIA, Bangiophyceae and Florideophyceae (to Gigartinales)
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIA 1994, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustrations in Womersley Part IIIA, 1994: FIGS 79 I–K, 80A.
Figure 79 enlarge
Fig. 79. A–C. Thamnophyllis lacerata (AD, A35159). A. Transverse section of thallus. B. Carpogonial branch system. C. Auxiliary cell system. D–H. Austrophyllis alcicornis (D–G, AD, A33935; H, AD, A33871). D. Transverse section of thallus with a carpogonial branch system. E. Carpogonial branch system. F. Auxiliary cell system. G. Transverse section of cortex with spermatangia. H. Transverse section of cortex with tetrasporangia. I–K. Austrophyllis harveyana (I, MEL, 1005976; J, K, MEL, 1005977). I. Transverse section of thallus with tetrasporangia. J. Carpogonial branch system. K. Auxiliary cell system. [A–K after Womersley & Norris 1971.]
Figure 80 enlarge
Fig. 80. A. Austrophyllis harveyana (MEL, 1005978). Habit. B. Callophyllis cervicornis (AD, A27853). Habit. C. Callophyllis lambertii (AD, A35173). Habit. D, E. Callophyllis rangiferina. (D, AD, A35635; E, AD, A34855). D. Habit. E. Transverse section of thallus and cystocarp. [A–E as in Womersley & Norris 1971.]
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